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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 22.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 May;52(5):542–548. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181fe2d93

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1.

Urine lactulose:mannitol ratio in CD patients stratified by GM-CSF Ab level and healthy controls. Healthy controls (n = 15) and CD patients (n = 27) ingested a mixture of sucrose, lactulose, and mannitol, and urinary concentrations of lactulose and mannitol were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. CD patients were stratified by serum GM-CSF Ab concentration measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. GM-CSF Ab Lo: CD patients with serum GM-CSF Ab concentration <1.6 mg/mL, GM-CSF Ab Hi: CD patients with serum GM-CSF Ab concentration ≥1.6 mg/mL. Data are shown as the urinary lactulose:mannitol excretion ratio, with the means for each group as indicated. *P = 0.007 by ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test vs controls and GM-CSF Ab Lo group. CD = Crohn disease; GM-CSF = granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor.