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. 2019 Apr 22;14(4):e0214985. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214985

Fig 2. Genetic markers of insulin resistance and fatty acid metabolism are differentially affected by probiotic and/or prebiotic treatment in AD Drosophila.

Fig 2

Transgenic AD (APP-BACE1) Drosophila melanogaster raised on untreated (control) media, or media supplemented with Lf5221, TFLA, the probiotic or synbiotic formulation were sampled at days 0, 10, 20 and 30 and prepared for RNA extraction and gene expression analysis. Genetic markers of insulin resistance included (a) Drosophila insulin-like peptide (Dilp)2, (b) Insulin receptor (InR) and (c) Drosophila Forkhead Box O (dFOXO) while genetic markers of fatty acid metabolism included (d) acetyl co-A carboxylase (ACC), (e) sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and (f) the PPARγ downstream target E75. Each group is the average of n = 5 independent groups +/- SEM. Significance is indicated as black stars (*) relative to the day 0 control * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 or hash (#) relative to the non-supplemented control at the same time point where # indicates p < 0.05.