Table 2. Study and patient related characteristics of included studies.
| Studies assessing the association between preoperative cardiac troponin and adverse outcome | |||||||
| First author, Year |
Study design | Study period | Sample size§ | Type, risk (low/intermediate/high) [41] and urgency of surgery | Mean age±SD | Male proportion in percentage | |
| Münzer, 1996 [17] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. | April 1, 1992-March 31, 1993 | 139 | Type: Non-cardiac surgery Risk: NR Urgency: Elective |
70 | 75† | |
| Gibson, 2006 [18] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. | April 2004-April 2005 | 44 | Type: Major lower extremity amputation Risk: High†† Urgency: Elective |
71• | 64† | |
| Oscarsson, 2009 [19] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. | April 15, 2007-April 14, 2008 | 186 | Type: Non-cardiac surgery (urological, gynecological, orthopedic, ophthalmological, neurosurgical, reconstructive procedures) Risk: Low, intermediate†† Urgency: Emergent, urgent |
NR for sample size | 36† | |
| Chong, 2010 [20] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. Sub study of RCT. | April 2008-February 2009 | 33 | Type: Orthopedic surgery Risk: Intermediate†† Urgency: Emergent |
85.8±9.6 | 33 | |
| Talsnes, 2011 [21] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. |
2005–2009 | 146 | Type: Hip fracture surgery Risk: Intermediate†† Urgency: NR |
NR for sample size | NR for sample size | |
| Alcock, 2012 [22] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. | January 2011-November 2011 | 352 | Type: Major non-cardiac surgery (major vascular, major orthopedic, general, major urological, major neurosurgery, lower risk) Risk: High, intermediate, low†† Urgency: Elective |
72.2±9.6 | 64 | |
| Biccard, 2012 [23] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. | February 2008-March 2011 | 534*** | Type: Vascular surgery Risk: Intermediate, high†† Urgency: Elective |
NR for sample size | NR for sample size | |
| Degos, 2012 [24] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. |
2003–2007 | 368 | Type: Subarachnoid hemorrhage coiling Risk: Intermediate†† Urgency: NR |
50±13 | 36 | |
| Chong, 2013 [25] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. Sub study of RCT. | April 2008-February 2009 | 187 | Type: Orthopedic surgery Risk: Intermediate†† Urgency: Emergent |
76.7±9.3 | 29† | |
| Nagele, 2013 [26] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. Sub study of RCT. | March 2008-December 2011 | 608 | Type: Vascular, orthopedic, ear-nose-throat, gynecology, urology, neurosurgery Risk: Intermediate, high†† Urgency: Elective |
64.8† | 62† | |
| Weber, 2013 [27] |
Prospective cohort. Multicenter. | 2006–2009 | 979 | Type: Major non-cardiac surgery (abdominal, urological, orthopedic, gynecologic, neck, vascular) Risk: Intermediate, high†† Urgency: Non-emergent |
69±8 | 54 | |
| Zheng, 2013 [28] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. | January 2010-March 2012 | 380 | Type: Non-cardiac surgery Risk: Intermediate, high Urgency: Elective |
65.3 | 46† | |
| Gillmann, 2014 [29] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. | 4-year period until October 2012 | 455 | Type: Open aortic, peripheral vascular, or carotid surgery Risk: High†† Urgency: Elective |
NR | NR | |
| Hietala, 2014 [30] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. | October 19, 2009-May 19, 2010 | 200 | Type: Low-trauma hip fracture surgery Risk: Intermediate†† Urgency: NR |
80.8• | 34 | |
| Ma, 2015 [31] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. | December 2007-December 2013 | 2519 | Type: Non-cardiac surgery (abdominal, gynecological, urological, orthopedic, reconstructive, vascular) Risk: Intermediate, high†† Urgency: Emergent |
77.3±8.4 | 52 | |
| Maile, 2016 [32] |
Retrospective cohort. Single center. | March 1, 2006-June 5, 2013 | 4575 | Type: Non-cardiac surgery (general, neurosurgery, obstetrics/gynecology, oral/maxillofacial, orthopedics, otolaryngology, plastics, thoracic, transplantation, urology, vascular) Risk: Low, intermediate, high†† Urgency: Non-emergent |
63• | 55 | |
| Thomas, 2016 [33] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. Sub study of RCT. | NR | 85 | Type: Major vascular procedure (open intra-abdominal, open extra-abdominal lower limb reperfusion, endovascular AAA repair) Risk: High†† Urgency: Elective |
74±8 | 72 | |
| Zimmerman, 2016 [34] |
Retrospective review. Two centers. | January 2008-December 2014 | 464 | Type: General surgery Risk: NR Urgency: Emergent |
69.8† | 51† | |
| Kopec, 2017 [35] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. Sub study of RCT. |
March 2008-December 2011 | 572 | Type: Major non-cardiac surgery (vascular, orthopedic, ear-nose-throat, gynecology, urology, neurosurgery Risk: Intermediate, high†† Urgency: Elective |
64.9±10.7 | 62 | |
| Studies assessing the association between perioperative change in cardiac troponin and adverse outcome | |||||||
| First author, Year |
Study design | Study period | Sample size | Type, risk (low/intermediate/high) [41] and urgency of surgery | Mean age±SD | Male proportion in percentage | |
| Nagele, 2013 [26] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. Sub study of RCT. | March 2008-December 2011 | 608 | Type: Vascular, orthopedic, ear-nose-throat, gynecology, urology, neurosurgery Risk: Intermediate, high†† Urgency: Elective |
64.8† | 62.5† | |
| Gillmann, 2014 [29] |
Prospective cohort. Single center. | 4-year period until October 2012 | 455 | Type: Open aortic, peripheral vascular, or carotid surgery Risk: High†† Urgency: Elective |
NR | NR | |
| Devereaux, 2017 [12] |
Prospective cohort. Multicenter. |
October 2008-December 2013 | 7857 | Type: Major vascular, major general, major thoracic, major urology, major gynecology, major orthopedic, major neurosurgery, low risk surgery Risk: Low, intermediate, high†† Urgency: Elective, urgent, emergent |
NR for sample size | NR for sample size | |
AAA = Abdominal aortic aneurysm. NR = Not reported. RCT = Randomized controlled trial. SD = Standard deviation.
§ = Patients included in eligible effect measure analysis.
† = Not explicitly stated, calculated by authors.
†† = Not explicitly stated, concluded by authors.
• = Median age.
***Discrepancy between reported figures at different locations in the article.