Table 3.

Sexual Orientation Differences in Psychosocial Factors, Health Behaviors, Metabolic Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Disease in Men and Women, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2014 to 2016.^a,b

	Men (n = 177 096)			Women (n = 218 058)
Health outcomes	%	OR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	%	OR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
Psychosocial factors Frequent mental distress
Heterosexual	8.6	Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref
Gay/lesbian	13.9	1.72 (1.45–2.03)	1.59 (1.33–1.89)c	17	1.44 (1.16–1.78)	1.37 (1.10–1.71)c
Bisexual	18.5	2.41 (1.97–2.94)	1.88 (1.52–2.32)c	30.6	3.09 (2.69–3.56)	2.33 (2.01–2.71)c
Lifetime depression
Heterosexual	12.1	Ref	Ref	21.5	Ref	Ref
Gay/lesbian	26.8	2.68 (2.35–3.05)	2.48 (2.16–2.84)c	33.3	1.82 (1.50–2.22)	1.96 (1.57–2.46)c
Bisexual	29.8	3.09 (2.60–3.67)	2.67 (2.23–3.20)c	49.1	3.52 (3.11–3.99)	3.26 (2.85–3.72)c
Health behaviors Current tobacco use
Heterosexual	18.7	Ref	Ref	15.3	Ref	Ref
Gay/lesbian	24.6	1.42 (1.23–1.64)	1.28 (1.09–1.50)d	24.4	1.78 (1.45–2.20)	1.65 (1.31–2.07)d
Bisexual	23.4	1.33 (1.11–1.59)	0.95 (0.78–1.16)d	28.2	2.17 (1.89–2.49)	1.29 (1.11–1.50)d
Heavy drinking
Heterosexual	6.9	Ref	Ref	5.9	Ref	Ref
Gay/lesbian	7.8	1.15 (0.93–1.44)	0.97 (0.77–1.22)d	13.3	2.47 (1.94–3.15)	2.01 (1.57–2.56)d
Bisexual	9.4	1.41 (1.08–1.86)	1.23 (0.93–1.63)d	13.3	2.47 (2.03–2.99)	2.04 (1.66–2.51)d
Exercise in past month
Heterosexual	78	Ref	Ref	74.8	Ref	Ref
Gay/lesbian	80.1	1.13 (0.97–1.31)	0.93 (0.80–1.09)d	81.3	1.46 (1.20–1.77)	1.35 (1.09–1.67)d
Bisexual	79.2	1.08 (0.89–1.30)	1.15 (0.95–1.41)d	78	1.20 (1.03–1.39)	1.24 (1.06–1.48)d
Metabolic risk factors Obesity
Heterosexual	31.1	Ref	Ref	30.5	Ref	Ref
Gay/lesbian	23.9	0.70 (0.61–0.80)	0.82 (0.71–0.95)e	37.3	1.35 (1.11–1.65)	1.50 (1.22–1.84)e
Bisexual	30.3	0.96 (0.80–1.16)	1.03 (0.85–1.24)e	36.8	1.33 (1.17–1.51)	1.29 (1.13–1.47)e
Diabetes
Heterosexual	11.6	Ref	Ref	10.2	Ref	Ref
Gay/lesbian	9.4	0.79 (0.66–0.94)	1.07 (0.87–1.31)f	9.6	0.93 (0.59–1.47)	1.20 (0.85–1.70)f
Bisexual	11.2	0.97 (0.76–1.24)	1.11 (0.86–1.44)f	6.4	0.60 (0.49–0.73)	1.02 (0.82–1.26)f
Cardiovascular disease Angina/coronary heart disease
Heterosexual	5.5	Ref	Ref	3.4	Ref	Ref
Gay/lesbian	4	0.72 (0.55–0.93)	1.02 (0.76–1.35)g	1.8	0.52 (0.35–0.77)	0.76 (0.49–1.19)g
Bisexual	4.7	0.85 (0.62–1.17)	1.00 (0.70–1.43)g	1.5	0.45 (0.30–0.66)	0.93 (0.61–1.41)g
Stroke
Heterosexual	3	Ref	Ref	3	Ref	Ref
Gay/lesbian	2.4	0.81 (0.57–1.15)	0.96 (0.65–1.39)g	2.8	0.90 (0.61–1.33)	1.17 (0.75–1.82)g
Bisexual	4.4	1.52 (0.99–2.34)	1.52 (0.96–2.41)g	2.8	0.91 (0.64–1.29)	1.46 (1.01–2.12)g
Heart attack
Heterosexual	5.6	Ref	Ref	2.9	Ref	Ref
Gay/lesbian	4.3	0.74 (0.57–0.96)	1.04 (0.78–1.38)g	1.3	0.44 (0.29–0.67)	0.62 (0.40–0.97)g
Bisexual	6	1.07 (0.77–1.50)	1.19 (0.81–1.75)g	1.6	0.54 (0.35–0.84)	1.00 (0.63–1.58)g

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

^aN = 395 154.

^bBoldface denotes statistically significant results at the .05 level.

^cAdjusted for demographic characteristics.

^dAdded psychosocial factors.

^eAdded health behaviors and health-care access and utilization.

^fAdded obesity.

^gAdded diabetes.