Table 2.
List of species and number of individuals tested for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in amphibian assemblages from four lowland sites in Costa Rica
| Species | Habitat | N (Bd positive) | Prevalence % (95% CI) | Genomic equivalents (±SE) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sarapiqui | Siquirres | Punta Banco | ||||
| Agalychnis callidryas | Pond | 11 (5) | 45.5 (16.7–76.6) | x | 249.2 ± 214.1 | x |
| Agalychnis lemur a | Pond | 5 (2) | 40.0 (5.3–85.3) | x | 12.3 ± 4.9 | x |
| Agalychnis spurrelli | Pond | 5 (1) | 20.0 (5.0–71.6) | x | 10.3 ± 0.0 | x |
| Anotheca spinosa | Forest | 1 (1) | 100.0 (0.2–100.0) | x | 112.3 ± 0.0 | x |
| Boana rufitela | Pond | 10 (8) | 80.0 (44.4–97.5) | 8.4 ± 3.9 | x | x |
| Bolitoglossa colonnea | Forest | 1 (0) | 0.0 (0.0–97.5) | x | x | x |
| Centrolenella ilex | Stream | 1 (1) | 100.0 (0.2–10.00) | x | 57.4 ± 0.0 | x |
| Cochranella granulosa | Stream | 1 (1) | 100.0 (0.2–100.0) | 3.9 ± 0.0 | x | x |
| Craugastor bransfordi | Forest | 24 (19) | 79.2 (57.8–92.9) | 31.6 ± 13.8 | 74.9 ± 112.2 | x |
| Craugastor crassidigitus | Forest | 6 (2) | 33.3 (4.3–77.7) | 3.0 ± 0.0 | 18.5 ± 0.0 | |
| Craugastor fitzingeri | Forest | 44 (26) | 59.1 (43.2–73.7) | 448.8 ± 321.2 | 14.1 ± 5.6 | 65.4 ± 22.5 |
| Craugastor megacephalus | Forest | 2 (1) | 50.0 (12.6–98.7) | 0.6 ± 0.0 | x | x |
| Craugastor mimus | Forest | 10 (8) | 80.0 (44.4–97.5) | 107.5 ± 76.9 | x | x |
| Craugastor stejnegerianus | Forest | 6 (2) | 33.3 (4.3–77.7) | x | x | 2.2 ± 0.9 |
| Craugastor taurus a,b | Stream | 15 (12) | 80.0 (51.9–95.7) | x | x | 11,632.5 ± 6,285.2 |
| Cruziohyla calcarifer | Forest | 1 (0) | 0.0 (0.0–97.5) | x | x | x |
| Dendrobates auratus | Forest | 7 (1) | 14.3 (0.4–57.9) | x | 4.9 ± 0.0 | x |
| Dendropsophus ebraccatus | Pond | 22 (15) | 68.2 (45.1–86.1) | x | 130.3 ± 59.1 | x |
| Dendropsophus phlebodes | Pond | 1 (1) | 100.0 (0.2–10.0) | x | 15.9 ± 0.0 | x |
| Diasporus diastema | Forest | 9 (4) | 44.4 (13.7–78.8) | x | 1994.3 ± 1724.7 | x |
| Diasporus vocator | Forest | 1 (0) | 0.0 (0.0–97.5) | x | x | x |
| Duellmanohyla rufioculis | Stream | 1 (0) | 0.0 (0.0–97.5) | x | x | x |
| Engystomops pustulosus | Pond | 10 (0) | 0.0 (0.0–30.8) | x | x | x |
| Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni | Stream | 1 (0) | 0.0 (0.0–97.5) | x | x | x |
| Hyalinobatrachium valerioi | Stream | 1 (0) | 0.0 (0.0–97.5) | x | x | x |
| Hyloscirtus palmeri | Stream | 1 (1) | 100.0 (0.2–100.0) | x | 231.2 ± 0.0 | x |
| Incilius melanochlorus | Pond | 8 (1) | 12.5 (0.3–52.6) | 3.3 ± 0.0 | x | x |
| Leptodactylus fragilis | Pond | 1 (0) | 0.0 (0.0–97.5) | x | x | x |
| Leptodactylus insularum | Pond | 3 (0) | 0.0 (0.0–70.7) | x | x | x |
| Leptodactylus poecilochilus | Pond | 1 (0) | 0.0 (0.0–97.5) | x | x | x |
| Leptodactylus savagei | Pond | 3 (0) | 0.0 (0.0–70.7) | x | x | x |
| Lithobates vaillanti | Pond | 2 (0) | 0.0 (0.0–84.2) | x | x | x |
| Lithobates warszewitschii | Stream | 26 (14) | 53.8 (33.4–73.3) | 51.8 ± 39.1 | 1,391.1 ± 704.7 | x |
| Oedipina gracilis | Forest | 1 (0) | 0.0 (0.0–97.5) | x | x | x |
| Oophaga granulifera a | Forest | 1 (1) | 100.0 (0.2–100.0) | x | x | 114.0 ± 0.0 |
| Oophaga pumilio | Forest | 23 (18) | 78.3 (56.3–92.5) | 625.2 ± 479.5 | x | x |
| Pristimantis cerasinus | Forest | 7 (4) | 57.1 (18.4–90.1) | 3.6 ± 0.5 | x | x |
| Pristimantis ridens | Forest | 6 (3) | 50.0 (11.8–88.2) | 3.0 ± 0.0 | 6.4 ± 3.2 | x |
| Rhaebo haematiticus | Stream | 27 (17) | 63.0 (42.4–80.6) | 3.1 ± 0.8 | x | x |
| Rhinella horribilis | Pond | 4 (0) | 0.0 (0.0–60.2) | x | x | x |
| Scinax boulengeri | Pond | 4 (1) | 25.0 (63.1–80.6) | 195.2 ± 0.0 | x | x |
| Scinax elaeochroa | Pond | 6 (3) | 50.0 (11.8–88.2) | x | 2.3 ± 0.4 | x |
| Smilisca phaeota | Pond | 5 (2) | 40.0 (5.3–85.3) | x | 9.8 ± 2.3 | x |
| Smilisca sordida | Stream | 1 (1) | 100.0 (0.2–100.0) | 430.4 ± 0.0 | x | x |
| Tlalocohyla loquax | Pond | 15 (11) | 73.3 (44.9–92.2) | x | 1,566.8 ± 1,020.7 | x |
| Teratohyla spinosa | Stream | 4 (2) | 50.0 (6.8–93.2) | 4.8 ± 1.2 | x | x |
| Teratohyla pulverata | Stream | 3 (1) | 33.3 (84.0–90.6) | x | 39.8 ± 0.0 | x |
| Total | 348 (190) | 54.6 (49.2–59.9) | ||||
For every species, the table shows the habitat where the species was captured, the sample size, the overall prevalence (95% CI), and the average (SE) of genomic equivalents of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis zoospores quantified per study site estimated from Bd‐positive samples.
a
Endangered species according the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
b
Prevalence value previously reported in Chaves et al. (2014).