. 2019 Mar 28;9(8):4327–4339. doi: 10.1002/ece3.4810

Table 1.

Results of ANOVAs investigating the effects of elevated pCO₂ and temperature and their interaction on the coelomic fluid parameters of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Trait	Source	Sum of squares (type III)	df	MS	F	p
pH_cf	pCO₂		1	0.599	4.196	0.043
	Temperature		2	1.561	10.929	<0.0001
	Interaction		2	0.701	4.91	0.009
	Error		124	0.143
	Total	7,334.798	130
	Total correct	22.898	129
Log₁₀ TCO_2cf	pCO₂		1	1.666	91.851	<0.0001
	Temperature		2	0.174	9.618	<0.0001
	Interaction		2	0.01	0.548	0.58
	Error		124	0.018
	Total	57.317	130
	Total correct	4.268	129
pKʹ_1cf (individual for P. lividus)	pCO₂		1	0.011	0.164	0.686
	Temperature		2	1.291	19.934	<0.0001
	Interaction		2	0.043	0.66	0.519
	Error		124	0.065
	Total	5,130.511	130
	Total correct	10.738	129
Log₁₀ pCO_2cf (individual pKʹ_1cf for P. lividus)	pCO₂		1	0.255	1.554	0.215
	Temperature		2	4.165	25.337	<0.0001
	Interaction		2	0.389	0.389	0.098
	Error		124	0.164
	Total	35.487	130
	Total correct	29.908	129
Log₁₀ [HCO₃ ⁻]_cf (individual pKʹ_1cf for P. lividus)	pCO₂		1	1.693	91.736	<0.0001
	Temperature		2	0.167	9.042	<0.0001
	Interaction		2	0.011	0.572	0.566
	Error		124	0.018
	Total	56.401	130
	Total correct	4.317	129
Log₁₀ pCO_2cf (mean pKʹ_1cf for P. lividus)	pCO₂		1	0.28	2.466	0.119
	Temperature		2	4.099	36.078	<0.0001
	Interaction		2	0.389	3.424	0.036
	Error		124	0.114
	Total	28.942	130
	Total correct	23.520	129
Log₁₀ [HCO₃ ⁻]_cf (mean pKʹ_1cf for P. lividus)	pCO₂		1	1.918	78.675	<0.0001
	Temperature		2	0.12	4.925	0.009
	Interaction		2	0.021	0.861	0.425
	Error		124	0.024
	Total	51.024	130
	Total correct	5.196	129
Log₁₀ pCO_2cf (mean pKʹ_1cf for C. maenas)	pCO₂		1	0.335	2.962	0.103
	Temperature		2	1.559	12.523	<0.0001
	Interaction		2	0.576	4.623	0.012
	Error		124	0.124
	Total	44.090	130
	Total correct	20.112	129
Log₁₀ [HCO₃ ⁻]_cf(mean pKʹ_1cf for C. maenas)	pCO₂		1	1.831	87.219	<0.0001
	Temperature		2	0.134	6.381	0.002
	Interaction		2	0.014	0.681	0.508
	Error		124	0.021
	Total	53.757	130
	Total correct	4.712	129

cov: covariate; df: degrees of freedom; F: F‐ratio; MS: mean of square; p: probability level.

pH_cf and TCO_2cf were determined in vivo, while pKʹ_1cf in vitro and pCO_2cf and [HCO₃ ⁻]_cf were calculated using: (a) individual pKʹ₁ determined for P. lividus, (b) mean pKʹ₁ for P. lividus, and (c) mean pKʹ₁ for C. maenas. Significant p‐values are given in bold.