Table 1.

Holm–Sidak multiple t test comparisons for breeder and nonbreeder mass and dates for Adélie and gentoo penguins. Differences between the mean mass and dates were tested for male and female penguins separately for each key date in the mass change curve

	Males		Females
	Mass (p, t‐ratio, df)	Dates (p, t‐ratio, df)	Mass (p, t‐ratio, df)	Dates (p, t‐ratio, df)
Adélie penguins
Arrival	0.03, 2.75, 8	0.14, 1.63, 8	0.22, 1.33, 8	0.1, 1.89, 8
Female predeparture			0.06, 2.14, 8	0.14, 1.63, 8
Female departure	0.54, 0.63, 8	0.4, 0.89, 8	0.02, 3.07, 8	0.24, 1.26, 8
Male departure	0.08, 2.04, 8	0.24, 1.26, 8	*0.0002, 6.3, 8	0.21, 1.37, 8
Hatch	0.05, 2.34, 8	0.1, 1.89, 8	0.03, 2.65, 8	0.61, 0.53, 8
Crèche	0.11, 1.79, 8	0.46, 0.77, 8	*0.002, 4.71, 8	0.24, 1.27, 8
Fledge	0.78, 0.29, 8	0.04, 2.45, 8	0.3, 1.12, 8	0.04, 2.53, 8
Postfledge	0.42, 0.85, 8	0.01, 3.09, 8	0.83, 0.22, 8	0.06, 2.24, 8
Premolt peak	0.24, 1.32, 6	0.04, 2.68, 6	0.88, 0.16, 6	0.11, 1.85, 6
Postmolt	0.71, 0.4, 4	0.07, 2.5, 4	0.96, 0.05, 4	1, 0, 4
Gentoo penguins
Pre‐increase	0.77, 0.3, 9	0.30, 1.1, 9	0.17, 1.51, 8	0.92, 0.1, 8
First peak	0.44, 0.8, 9	0.06, 2.17, 9	0.08, 2.04, 8	0.06, 2.21, 8
Post first peak	0.41, 0.86, 9	0.03, 2.54, 9	0.53, 0.66, 8	0.09, 1.9, 8
Prehyperphagia	0.80, 0.27, 10	0.70, 0.4, 10	0.49, 0.72, 9	0.66, 0.45, 9
Premolt peak	0.57, 0.59, 9	0.79, 0.27, 9	0.67, 0.45, 8	0.24, 1.26, 8
Postmolt	0.73, 0.36, 9	0.45, 0.78, 9	0.06, 2.24, 8	0.55, 0.62, 8

Significance based on multiplicity adjusted significance levels for multiple comparisons denoted by * and shaded cells.