Table 2.

Univariable and multivariable analyses according to overall survival in two cohorts

Factors	Training cohort (n = 705)				Validation cohort (n = 705)
	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis		Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
Gender (male/female)	0.799 (0.572–1.114)	0.186			0.869 (0.639–1.182)	0.372
Age at surgery	1.057 (0.828–1.348)	0.658			0.986 (0.780–1.245)	0.904
< 60
≥ 60
Siewert type (type II/III)	1.034 (0.807–1.325)	0.789			1.082 (0.856–1.367)	0.511
Maximal tumor size (cm)		< 0.001*		0.772		< 0.001*		0.449
≤ 2
2–5	2.576 (1.202–5.520)	0.015*	0.783 (0.362–1.692)	0.533	1.986 (1.163–3.392)	0.012*	0.692 (0.390–1.229)	0.209
5–10	4.172 (1.948–8.993)	< 0.001*	0.884 (0.405–1.932)	0.758	2.958 (1.735–5.045)	< 0.001*	0.781 (0.433–1.407)	0.666
> 10	7.176 (2.863–17.99)	< 0.001*	0.812 (0.311–2.116)	0.699	5.861 (2.689–12.78)	< 0.001*	0.960 (0.412–2.241)	0.925
Combined organ resection	1.260 (0.846–1.876)	0.255			1.128 (0.763–1.666)	0.546
Macroscopic type	1.206 (0.933–1.560)	0.153			0.888 (0.696–1.133)	0.339
Borrmann 0–1
Borrmann 2–3
Surgical approach (TG/PG)	1.601 (1.151–2.226)	0.005*	0.990 (0.700–1.398)	0.953	1.835 (1.345–2.504)	< 0.001*	1.282 (0.928–1.771)	0.132
Histological grade (G1–2/G3)	1.359 (1.053–1.755)	0.018*	1.016 (0.778–1.326)	0.910	1.410 (1.106–1.798)	0.006*	0.873 (0.673–1.133)	0.308
TNM-GC		< 0.001*		< 0.001*		< 0.001*		< 0.001*
TNM-EC		< 0.001*		0.001*		< 0.001*		< 0.001*

TNM-GC AJCC 8th gastric cancer staging system, TNM-EC AJCC 8th esophageal cancer staging system, HR hazard ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval

*P < 0.05, statistical significance