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. 2019 Apr 16;10:344. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00344

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Copyright © 2019 Baily, Avila, Das, Kutzler and Raudsepp.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Transmission electron microscopy of sperm. (A) Abnormal spermatozoon with acrosomal vacuolation (arrows). (B) Abnormal spermatozoon with nuclear vacuolation (arrows). (C) Abnormal axoneme formation (arrows).