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. 2019 Apr 16;10:436. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00436

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Copyright © 2019 Parry, Mobley, Mumford, Romero, Haun, Zhang, Roberson, Zempleni, Ferrando, Vechetti, McCarthy, Young, Roberts and Kavazis.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Antioxidant and oxidative damage markers between treatments. Gastrocnemius 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) levels (A), protein carbonyl levels determined via the OxyBlot method (B), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) protein levels (C), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) protein levels (D), catalase (CAT) protein levels (E), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) protein levels (F). (G) Contains representative Western blots for each target. Group mean ± parenthesized standard deviation values are presented, and individual values are also presented. ERS, EVs and RNA-sufficient; ERD, EVs and RNA-depleted.