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. 2019 Apr 16;10:435. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00435

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Copyright © 2019 Polak-Iwaniuk, Harasim-Symbor, Gołaszewska and Chabowski.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Myocardial activation of insulin and contractile signaling pathways and subsequent translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) from the intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane (PM). AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; CAMKII, Ca^2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II; IRS, insulin-receptor substrate; PDK, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphates; PKB/AKT, serine/threonine protein kinase B; PKC, protein kinase C.