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. 2019 Apr 16;10:428. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00428

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Copyright © 2019 Martin, Sun, Rogers and Keating.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Microbial regulation of host metabolism via gut hormone release. Gut microbiota signal to nearby enteroendocrine (EE) cells via a range of microbial metabolites, including short chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids, and structural components. These EE cells release important metabolically active hormones, such as GLP-1, PYY, GIP, 5-HT, and CCK, which influence key metabolic processes including glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, adiposity, and feeding behavior. In turn, dietary components impact the composition of gut microbiota, which may have further downstream consequences on gut hormone secretion and host metabolism.