Table 5.
School-based surveys on prevalence of rheumatic heart disease based on echocardiography as a screening tool.
| Author | Bhaya et al45 | Saxena et al46 | Nair et al47 | Shrestha et al48 | Saxena et al49 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geographical area in state | Bikaner, Rajasthan | Ballabhgarh, Haryana | Trivandrum, Kerala | Sunsari district in Eastern Nepal | Ballabhgarh block of Haryana, Navsari and Dang districts in southern part of Gujarat, Manipur, and Goa. |
| Year of survey | 2010 | 2008–2010 | 2013–2014 | 2012–14 | 2008–2016 |
| Rural/urban | Urban | Rural | Urban | Rural | Rural + urban |
| Age | 6–15 | 5–15 | 5–15 | 5–15 | 5–15 |
| Sample size | 1059 | 6270 | 2060 | 5178 | 16,294 |
| Sampling unit (Schools/population based) | Schools | School | Schools | Schools | Schools |
| Clinical + echocardiography of all (C + EA) | (C + EA) | (C + EA) | (C + EA) | (C + EA) | (C + EA) |
| Echocardiography criteria for diagnosis | WHO | WHO | World heart federation (WHF) | WHF | WHF |
| Prevalence reported with/1000 (95% CI) | 51 (95% CI: 38–64) | 20.4 (95% CI, 16.9–23.9). Clinical prevalence was only 0.8 |
5.83 (95% CI, 2.5–9.1) Clinical prevalence was only 2.4 |
10.2 (95% CI, 7.5–13.0) | 7.7 (95% CI 6.3, 9.0). Borderline RHD: 5.7 Definite RHD: 2 Clinical RHD: 0.36 |
CI, confidence interval; RHD, rheumatic heart disease.