Table 1.

Examples of clinical studies of intramuscular‐MSC therapy

Disease	MSC source	Delivery site	Cell dose	Single/multiple	Outcome	Complications	Follow‐up period	Ref.
CLI	Allogenic BMMSCS	Gastrocnemius	2 × 106 cells per kilogram	40–60 sites at proximity	Improvement in clinical scores (rest pain scores and ankle pressure)	Safety without occurrence of edema at the site of injury	24 wk	6
PAD + CLI	Autologous ADMSCs	Internal and external gastrocnemius andanterior compartment of the ischemic leg	1 × 108	15 sites in each muscle	Clinical signs such as leg pain, ulcer size, and pain‐free walking was reported as significantly improved	No sign of edema, or necrosis at the site of injury	24 wk	7
ALS	Autologous BMMSC‐NTF treated	Biceps and triceps	24 × 106	24 sites at proximity	Improvement in the CAMP amplitude	Slight edema at the site of transplantation. No infection. No tumor formation	24 wk	12