Figure 6.

Xenophagy Requires Simultaneous Recruitment of the ULK and SINTBAD/NAP1 Complexes to Cytosolic Bacteria via NDP52

(A–D) HeLa cells stably expressing (A) FIP200ΔN1115:GFP, (B) GFP:SINTBAD, (C) GFP:WIPI1, or (D) GFP:LC3B either alone (−) or together with the indicated NDP52 alleles were transfected with either control or NDP52 siRNA and infected with mCherry-S. Typhimurium for 1 h. Cells were fixed, and the recruitment of GFP-tagged proteins to S. Typhimurium was enumerated on a wide-field microscope by eye. Data are mean ± SEM of three independent experiments (A and B), mean ± SD of 2 independent experiments (C), or representative of at least two independent experiments (D). ^∗p < 0.05; ^∗∗p < 0.01; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.