Bender 1997.

Methods	RCT Single centre
Participants	104 patients Elective surgery Vascular surgery
Interventions	Two groups Preoperative Fluids and Inotropes Pulmonary artery catheter Goals = CI
Outcomes	Hospital mortality Hospistal length of stay (HLOS) ICU length of stay (ICULOS) Cost Pulmonary oedema Acute myocardial infarction Arrhythmia Acute renal failure Wound infection Haemorrhage Sepsis Graft thrombosis or infection Groin haematoma
Notes	Number of arrhythmia episodes were reported in both intra and postoperative periods, but not clear it occurred in same patients or different patients. Number of patients with complications only reported in postoperative period.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	Patients were "assigned randomly to one of two groups by the surgical intensivist"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Method of concealment is not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not detailed
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not detailed
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All outcome data are reported
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Published report included main outcome measures
Other bias	Low risk	No other specific bias identified