Pölönen 2000.

Methods	RCT Single centre
Participants	393 patients 2 groups Elective surgery Cardiac surgery
Interventions	Postoperative Fluids and Inotropes Pulmonary artery catheter Goals = SVO2, lactate
Outcomes	28 day, 6 month and 12 month mortality HLOS ICULOS Organ dysfunctions: central nervous system (haemiplegia, stroke, Glasgow coma scale  (GCS <10), circulatory (vasoactive medication or intraaortic counterpulsation to treat hypotension or low cardiac output), respiratory (need for mechanical or assisted ventilation), renal (low urine output or increased creatinine), hepatic (increased liver enzymes or bilirubin), gastrointestinal (macroscopic bleeding or paralytic ileus), haematological (low white cell or platelet count) ICU readmission
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	"Patients were randomized the day before surgery by sealed envelope technique"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	See quote above
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	"Although study was randomized, it was not blinded and the data of the oxygen transport measurements of both groups were open to those taking care of patients during the study period"
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	See quote above
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No missing data
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Published report included all expected outcomes
Other bias	Unclear risk	10 patients were excluded after allocation may have induced selection bias