Shoemaker 1988.

Methods	RCT Single centre
Participants	88 patients Elective surgery Emergency surgery General surgery
Interventions	Preoperative Fluids and inotropes Pulmonary artery catheter Goals = CI, DO2I
Outcomes	Hospital mortality HLOS ICULOS Cost Respiratory failure, renal failure, sepsis and septic shock, hepatic failure, cardiac arrest, pulmonary oedema, pleural effusion, wound infection, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), acute myocardial infarction, evisceration, abdominal abscess, haemorrhage, pancreatitis, gastric outlet obstruction, urinary tract infection, cerebral infarct, pulmonary embolism, ventilator days
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"The remaining 88 patients were prospectively allocated to one of the three groups designated by cards arranged according to a random numbers table by an outside person and placed in opaque sealed envelopes"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	See quote above
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not detailed
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not detailed
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No missing data
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All anticipated outcomes were reported
Other bias	Low risk	No other sources of bias identified