Table 10.
Epigenetic dysregulation in Alzheimer’s disease: non-coding RNAs.
| Regulation | ncRNA | Observed in | Sample size | Approach | Methods | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ | miR-124 | AD patients | 11 | Targeted | WB, RT-PCR | Smith et al., 2011a |
| ↓ | miR-195 | AD mouse model (SAMP8) | N.S. | Targeted (5 miRNAs) |
RT-PCR | Zhu et al., 2012 |
| ↓ | miR-29a/b-1 | sAD patients (anterior temporal cortex) |
34 | Genome-wide | miRNA microarray | Hebert et al., 2008 |
| ↑↑ | miR-29c | AD mouse model (APPswe/PSΔE9) | 6 | Targeted | RT-PCR | Zong et al., 2011 |
| ↓ | miR-107 | AD patients | 7, 10 | Genome-wide | miRNA microarray, rna22 algorithm |
Wang et al., 2008c, 2011 |
| AD mouse model (Tg19959 mice) | 7 | Targeted | RT-PCR | Yao et al., 2000 | ||
| ↓ | miR-106b | AD patients (anterior temporal cortex) | 19 | Targeted (200 miRNAs) |
miRNA microarray, Northern blot |
Hebert et al., 2009 |
| ↓ | miR-9, miR-181c | AD patients | 15 (Brain) 10 (cSF) |
Targeted (48 miRNAs) |
PCR | Cogswell et al., 2008 |
| ↓ | miR-132 | AD patients (hippocampus, cerebellum, medial frontal gyrus) |
6 | Targeted (15 miRNAs) |
Northern Blot | Sethi and Lukiw, 2009 |
| ↓ | miR-15 | Dicer cKO mice | 8–10 | Targeted (200 miRNAs) |
miRNA microarray | Hebert et al., 2010 |
| ≠ | miR-26a | AD patients | 15 (Brain) 10 (csf) |
Targeted (48 miRNAs) |
PCR | Cogswell et al., 2008 |
| ↓ | miR-101 | HeLa, HEK293T, U373, SK-N-SH, PC12 cells |
- | Targeted (1 miRNA) |
PCR | Long and Lahiri, 2011 |
| ↑ | miR-125b | AD patients (hippocampus, cerebellum, medial frontal gyrus) |
6 | Targeted (15 miRNAs) |
Northern Blot | Sethi and Lukiw, 2009 |
| ↑ | BC200 | AD patients (hippocampus, superior frontal gyrus) |
12 | Targeted (2 miRNAs) |
Northern Blot, ISH | Mus et al., 2007 |
| ↓ | BC200 | AD patients (temporal neocortex) | 12 | Targeted (2 miRNAs) |
Northern Blot, ISH | Mus et al., 2007 |
| ↓ | miR-103 | AD mouse model (Tg19959 mice) | 7 | Targeted (2 miRNAs) |
RT-PCR | Yao et al., 2000 |
| ↑ | BACE1-AS | AD patients | 2 | Targeted (48 probes) |
High-throughput sequencing, ECA |
Faghihi et al., 2010 |
| ↑ | ncRNA 17a | AD patients | 11 | Targeted (5 probes) |
RT-PCR | Massone et al., 2011 |
indicates increased expression levels,
indicates decreased expression levels, and
indicates altered expression, not further specified.
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; BACE1-AS, β-secretase 1-antisense; BC200, brain cytoplasmic RNA 200; Dicer cKO mice, conditional Dicer1 knock-out mouse model; HeLa cells, immortalized cell line established from cervical cancer cells of Henrietta Lacks; miR, micro RNA; miR-29c transgenic mice, transgenic mouse model overexpressing miR-29c; ncRNA, non-coding RNA; sAD, sporadic AD; SAMP8 mouse, senescence-accelerated prone mouse 8; Tg19959 mice, transgenic mouse model overexpressing mutant human APP with the double KM670/671NL Swedish and V717F Indiana mutations; N.S., not specified; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR, real time-PCR; WB, Western blot; ISH, in situ hybridization; ECA, enzyme complementation assay.