Table 5.
Epigenetic dysregulation in Parkinson’s disease: DNA (de)methylation.
| Gene | Regulation | Epigenetic modification | Observed in | Sample size | Approach | Methods | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SNCA | ↓ | Methylation | sPD patients (SN, Putamen, Cortex) |
6, 14 | Targeted (1 locus) |
BS | Jowaed et al., 2010 |
| 11 | Targeted (1 locus) |
BS | Matsumoto et al., 2010 | ||||
| PARK16 | ≠ | Methylation | PD patients | 12.386 | Genome-wide | methQTL | Plagnol et al., 2011 |
| GPNMB | ≠ | Methylation | PD patients | ||||
| STX1B | ≠ | Methylation | PD patients | ||||
| FANCC | ≠ | Methylation | PD patients | 30 | Genome-wide | Infinium | Moore et al., 2014 |
| TNKS2 | |||||||
indicates decreased expression levels and
indicates altered expression, not further specified.
Abbreviations: FANCC, fanconi anemia group C; GPNMB, glycoprotein (transmembrane) nmb; PARK16, Parkinson disease 16; (s)PD, (sporadic) Parkinson’s disease; SN, substantia nigra; SNCA, synuclein alpha; sPD, sporadic PD; STX1B, syntaxin 1B; TNKS2, tankyrase 2; BS, bisulfite sequencing; GWA: genome-wide association; methQTL, methylation quantitative trait locusc.