Signs suggestive of secondary hypertension

● Features of Cushing syndrome  ● Neurofibromatosis (pheochromocytoma)  ● Enlarged kidneys (polycystic kidney)  ● Abdominal murmurs (renovascular hypertension)  ● Precordial murmurs (aortic coarctation, aortic disease)

Signs of target organ damage

● Brain: motor or sensory deficit  ● Retina: hypertensive retinopathy  ● Heart: atrial fibrillation, arrhythmias, pulmonary congestion and peripheral oedema  ● Peripheral arteries: absent, reduced or asymmetrical pulses and ischaemic skin lesions  ● Carotid arteries: murmurs

Evidence of obesity

● BMI (body weight/height2) > 30  ● Waist circumference* >102 cm in man and >88 cm in women

^*values might need to be adjusted based on ethnicity or other factors.

BMI, body mass index