Schultz 1996.
Methods |
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Participants | 1. 388 ASA I‐III patients, aged 15 to 80 years, who were scheduled for subumbilical surgery, were enrolled Exclusion criteria: obstetric patients Patients randomized to:
2. No patients were excluded from further analysis 3. Main characteristics of patients:
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Interventions |
Both needles were used with a 20 G introducer to facilitate puncture |
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Outcomes | Outcomes were not classified as primary or secondary
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Notes |
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Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information to score this item as low or high risk of bias. Quote: "the patients were randomly assigned" (page 462) |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information to score this item as low or high risk of bias |
Blinding of participants (performance bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information to score this item as low or high risk of bias |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Insufficient information to score this item as low or high risk of bias |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | No patients were lost to follow‐up |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | All patient‐important outcomes were reported |
Other bias | Low risk | No other biases were identified |