14. Choice.
| Study | Type of comparison | N decisionaid | Decision aid ‐ mean | N comparison | Comparison ‐ mean | Notes |
| Surgery ‐ elective more minor surgery | ||||||
| Hanson 2011 | Actual choice (feeding tube) | 127 | 1 | 129 | 3 | No difference |
| Wong 2006 | Actual choice (abortion) | — | — | — | — | No difference |
| Screening ‐ breast cancer genetic testing | ||||||
| Miller 2005 | Preference | — | — | — | — | Intervention decreased intention for genetic testing in women at average risk; increased in women at high risk |
| Screening ‐ breast screening | ||||||
| Mathieu 2007 | Actual choice | — | — | — | — | No difference in women who participated in screening within 1 month |
| Mathieu 2010 | Preference of women who were decided | 96 | 52% | 127 | 65% | P = 0.05 |
| Screening ‐ cardiac stress testing | ||||||
| Hess 2012 (in consult) | Actual choice | 101 | 58% | 100 | 77% | P < 0.001 |
| Screening ‐ diabetes | ||||||
| Marteau 2010 | Actual choice | 633 | 353 | 639 | 368 | P = 0.51 |
| Mann E 2010 | Preference | 273 | — | 134 | — | No difference |
| Screening ‐ prenatal | ||||||
| Bekker 2004 (in consult) | Actual choice | — | — | — | — | No difference |
| Nagle 2008 | Actual choice | — | — | — | — | No difference |
| Screening ‐ prostate cancer testing | ||||||
| Frosch 2008a | Actual choice | — | — | — | — | The experimental interventions led to significant reductions in requests for prostate‐specific antigen tests ( ˜2 times greater decline). |
| Lepore 2012 | Actual choice 2 years postintervention |
215 | 62.7% | 216 | 66.7% | No difference Exp (B) = 0.829 CI 95% 0.564 to 1.218 |
| Williams 2013 | Actual choice | — | — | — | — | No difference (P > 0.3) |
| Lepore 2012 | Preference | 215 | 80.9% | 216 | 80.1% | No difference Exp (B) = 0.994 95% CI 0.614 to 1.610 |
| Diagnostic testing ‐ prenatal genetic testing | ||||||
| Kuppermann 2014 | Invasive diagnostic testing without screening test | 357 | 11 (3.0%) | 353 | 16 (4.6%) | P = 0.37 |
| Screening test followed by invasive diagnostic test | 357 | 10 (2.9%) | 353 | 27 (7.7%) | Not reported | |
| Medication ‐ antibiotics for upper respiratory infections | ||||||
| Legare 2011 (in consult) | Actual choice | 81 | 33 | 70 | 49 | P = 0.08 |
| Legare 2012 (in consult) | Actual choice | — | 27.2% | — | 52.2% | Absolute difference 25.0; RR 0.5 (95% CI 0.3 to 0.7) |
| Medication ‐ atrial fibrillation anti‐thrombosis ‐ uptake | ||||||
| Man‐Son‐Hing 1999 | Actual choice | — | — | — | — | 25% decrease in DA group, not statistically significant |
| McAlister 2005 | Actual choice | — | — | — | — | No difference |
| Thomson 2007 (in consult) | Actual choice | — | 93.8% | — | 25% | RR 0.27 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.63) |
| Medication ‐ breast cancer prevention | ||||||
| Fagerlin 2011 | Actual choice | 383 | 0.5% | 102 | 0% | No difference |
| Medication ‐ cardiovascular disease prevention | ||||||
| Sheridan 2011 | DA versus usual care. Any effective CHD risk reducing strategy | 79 | 63% | 78 | 42% | Absolute difference 21%, 95% CI 5 to 37 |
| Blood pressure medication, if hypertensive (n = 55) | — | 26% | — | 29% | Absolute difference −3%, 95% CI −30 to 25 | |
| Cholesterol medication, if abnormal cholesterol (n = 69) | — | 39% | — | 9% | Absolute difference 30%, 95% CI 14 to 46 | |
| Smoking cessation, if smoking (n = 21) | — | 80% | — | 50% | Absolute difference 30%, 95% CI −16 to 76 | |
| Aspirin, if CHD risk > 6% (n = 140) | — | 43% | — | 24% | Absolute difference 19%, 95% CI −1 to 39 | |
| Diet low in saturated fat | 79 | 29% | 78 | 40% | Absolute difference −11%, 95% CI −27 to 6 | |
| Regular exercise | 79 | 53% | 78 | 54% | Absolute difference −1%, 95% CI −17 to 16 | |
| Medication ‐ chemotherapy | ||||||
| Leighl 2011 | For advanced cancer | 107 | 77% | 100 | 71% | No difference |
| Whelan 2003 (in consult) | For early breast cancer | — | — | — | — | No difference |
| Medication ‐ diabetes management insulin | ||||||
| Mathers 2012 | Preference for insulin | 92 | 18.5% | 78 | 11.5% | P = 0.41 |
| Medication ‐ hypertension | ||||||
| Montgomery 2003 | Uptake | — | — | — | — | No difference |
| Medication ‐ menopausal symptom treatment | ||||||
| Murray 2001b | Uptake hormone therapy | — | — | — | — | 8% decrease in DA group, not statistically significant |
| Legare 2008a | preference for natural health products | 41% | 41% | No difference | ||
| Medication ‐ multiple sclerosis immunotherapy | ||||||
| Kasper 2008 | Uptake | — | — | — | — | No difference |
| Medication ‐ osteoporosis | ||||||
| LeBlanc 2015 (in consult) | Preference | 29 | 12 (41%) | 38 | 11 (29%) | P = 0.57 |
| Prescription during encounter | 29 | 13 (41%) | 38 | 12 (27%) | P = 0.2 | |
| Montori 2011 (in consult) | Uptake | 52 | 44% | 48 | 40% | No difference |
| Mental health treatment | ||||||
| Hamann 2006 | Uptake prescribed medication | — | — | — | — | No difference |
| Hamann 2006 | Uptake psychoeducation | — | — | — | — | Higher uptake in DA group (P = 0.003) |
| Mott 2014 | Uptake of 9 psychoeducation sessions | 9 | 44% | 11 | 9% | All 4 decision aid participants received 9 or more sessions. 1 of 5 usual care received 9 or more sessions. |
| Obstetrics ‐ birth control method | ||||||
| Langston 2010 | Preference | 114 | — | 108 | — | No difference in the methods chosen between groups, participants in the intervention group were not more likely to initiate the requested method immediately compared to those in the usual care group (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.34) |
| Obstetric ‐ childbirth procedure | ||||||
| Montgomery 2007 | Uptake | — | — | — | — | No difference |
| Nassar 2007 | Uptake | — | — | — | — | No difference |
| Shorten 2005 | preference | — | — | — | — | No difference |
| Obstetric ‐ embryo transplant | ||||||
| Van Peperstraten 2010 ‐ single embryo transfer | Uptake | 152 | 43% | 156 | 32% | P = 0.05 |
| Other‐ lung transplant referral | ||||||
| Vandemheen 2009 | — | — | — | — | No difference | |
| Other ‐ pre‐operative blood transfusion | ||||||
| Laupacis 2006 | Uptake | — | — | — | — | No difference |
| Other ‐ pelvic organ prolapse treatment | ||||||
| Brazell 2014 | Uptake | — | — | — | — | No difference; P = 0.835 |
| Other ‐ thyroid cancer adjuvant radioactive iodine treatment | ||||||
| Sawka 2012 | Preferred treatment Immediately post | 37 | 35.1% | 37 | 32.4% | — |
| Uptake at follow‐up (˜ 6.3 months post) | 37 | 29.7% | 37 | 18.9% | No difference. (Chi2=1.18; df = 1; P = 0.28) |
|
| Vaccines | ||||||
| Chambers 2012 | Uptake flu shot | 48 | 46% | 59 | 27% | No difference |
| Clancy 1988 | Uptake hepatitis B | — | — | — | — | Significant increase of 76% in the DA group |
| Shourie 2013 | Measles, mumps, rubella in infant | 48 | 48 (100%) | 71 | 70 (99%) | No difference |
CHD: congenital heart disease;DA: decision aid; OR: odds ratio; RR: risk ratio.