Comparison 5. Participation in decision making.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Participation in decision making ‐ all studies	16		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 Clinician‐controlled decision making	16	3180	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.68 [0.55, 0.83]
1.2 Patient‐controlled decision making	15	3009	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.28 [1.05, 1.55]
1.3 Shared decision making	15	2973	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.95 [0.83, 1.10]
2 Participation in decision making ‐ in consultation	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 Clinician‐controlled decision making ‐ in consultation	3	650	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.89 [0.70, 1.12]
2.2 Patient‐controlled decision making ‐ in consultation	2	479	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.01 [0.80, 1.27]
2.3 Shared decision making ‐ in consultation	2	479	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.14 [0.84, 1.55]
3 Participation in decision making ‐ in preparation for consultation	13		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
3.1 Clinician‐controlled decision making	13	2530	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.60 [0.48, 0.75]
3.2 Patient‐controlled decision making	13	2530	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.37 [1.08, 1.73]
3.3 Shared decision making	13	2494	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.94 [0.80, 1.09]