Okada 1988

Methods	Randomized controlled trial.
Participants	Inclusion criteria: women aged ≥ 16 years, inpatients and outpatients; intrauterine infection, uterine adnexitis, bartholinitis, or bartholin's abscess. Exclusion criteria: age < 16 years; premedication with ciprofloxacin or cefroxadine; women improving with other treatments; allergy to cephem or pyridonecarboxylic acid; taking theophylline or fenbufen, severe problems in the heart, liver, or kidneys; women with epilepsy; pregnant or breastfeeding; rejection by the doctor. Number of women randomized: total: 253; group A: 124; group B: 129. Number of women analyzed: total: 209; group A: 104; group B: 105. Number of withdrawals/exclusions/loss to follow‐up and reasons: total: 44; group A: 20; group B: 24. No reasons presented. Number of centres: 55. Age (years): only presented as frequencies within age groups. Country: Japan.
Interventions	Group A: ciprofloxacin 200 mg PO + dummy cefroxadine placebo, 3 times daily for 7 consecutive days. Group B: cefroxadine 250 mg PO + dummy ciprofloxacin placebo, 3 times daily for 7 consecutive days.
Outcomes	Primary outcomes: clinical cure at 7th day of treatment: excellent: clinical marked improvement and clearance of bacteria; good: clear clinical improvement; poor: no clear clinical improvement; adverse events. Secondary outcome: local tenderness around uterus.
Notes	Ethical approval: not stated. Informed consent: not stated. Source of funding: not stated, and no conflicts of interest reported.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	2 ciprofloxacin and 2 cefroxadine each with dummy placebo were arranged for 7‐day‐use and numbered. Numbers randomly assigned. 4 series of numbered medicine packed in a box. Then, some boxes were delivered to every institution.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Having used numbered series of medicine to women consecutively. Block size of 4 and might be too small for concealment.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐dummy placebo method.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind method.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Attrition < 20%.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No trial protocol found.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Not stated.