Tison 1988

Methods	Randomized controlled trial.
Participants	Inclusion criteria: upper genital tract infection, pelvic pain (bilateral, unilateral), fever > 37.5 °C, leukorrhoea, bleeding, digestive and urinary signs, pain in right hypochondrium. Diagnosis confirmed by laparoscopy. Exclusion criteria: pregnant or likely to be; allergy to penicillin or cephalosporins; receiving concomitant treatment with allopurinol; already received an antibiotic before admission; renal insufficiency. Number of women randomized: 40; 20 in each group. Number of women analyzed: 40; 20 in each group. Number of withdrawals/exclusions/loss to follow‐up and reasons: 1 woman withdrawn during hospital admission; 13 women lost to follow‐up. Number of centres: 1. Age (mean (range)) (years): group A: 27.5 (17‐39); group B: 22.5 (17‐34). Country: France.
Interventions	Group A: amoxicillin‐clavulanate 1 g slow IV perfusion every 8 h. PO once temperature normal for 48 h, 4 tablets of 500 mg, 2 at a time as long as hospitalized. After discharge, treatment continued with 3 tablets daily of amoxicillin‐clavulanate for 3 weeks. Group B: penicillin G 10 million units/24 h IV, followed by penicillin V PO + gentamicin 160 mg/24 h IM for 10 days + metronidazole 500 mg IV 3 times daily followed by metronidazole 500 mg PO 3 times daily. Duration of treatment unclear.
Outcomes	Effectiveness: cure: absence of pelvic pain on examination and referred by women, normal body temperature at discharge and 3 weeks later. Adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to discontinuation of therapy during hospital stay and after 30 days.
Notes	Ethical approval: not stated. Informed consent: not stated. Source of funding: not stated, and no conflicts of interest reported.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Open trial.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Not possible to identify.