Table 2. Outcome measurements comparing patients young vs. old.

				< 65y (N = 100)	≥ 65y (N = 100)	p-value
				Mean (std.)	Mean (std.)
Tortuosity index				1.05 (0.024)	1.14 (0.078)	< 0.001*
	CIa			1.05–1.06	1.13–1.16
Curvature ratio				1.00 (0.105)	1.01 (0.012)	< 0.001*
	CIa			0.99–1.00	1.01–1.01
Maximum Tortuosity				22.24 (4.710)	27.26 (7.233)	< 0.001*
	CIa			21.31–23.17	25.82–28.70
Level of Vertebrae				5	5	0.001*
	Range			5–10	5–12
Minimum Tortuosity				0.83 (0.753)	1.67 (1.386)	< 0.001*
	CIa			0.68–0.98	1.40–1.94
Level of Vertebrae				11	11	0.032*
	Range			8–12	7–12
Zone of maximum Tortuosity				4A	4A	< 0.001*
	Range			4A –D	4A – 4D
Group of angulation				Low	Low	< 0.001*
	Range			Low–Moderate–High	Low–Moderate–High
Percentage of patients with high tortuosity				0 (0%)	0 (0%)

*P-value is significant when p < 0.05

^aCI: Confidence Interval