These recordings were performed using standard skin patch electrodes. Consistent with that reported in a previous manuscript (9), large bursts of SKNA (red arrows) were associated with AF termination. There were 2 consecutive IRAF episodes that occurred within 60 seconds (s) of the prior episode of AF. Each episode was preceded by a premature atrial contribution (blue arrows). Small bursts of nerve activities (black arrows) were seen multiple times during the recording. The onsets of AF are indicated by red dotted lines, and the terminations of AF are indicated by blue dotted lines. SKNA, skin sympathetic nerve activity; iSKNA, integrated SKNA; AF, atrial fibrillation; ECG, electrocardiogram; HR, heart rate.