Table 2.
Analysis of Gene Expression of Participant Populations
| A Controls vs ED head trauma patients | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene | ΔCT±SD controls | ΔCT±SD EDPT | p value ΔCT | FC±SD EDPT |
| ABCA1 | 9·51 ± 3·54 | 7·99 ± 1·80 | 0·0239 | 5·27 ± 6·73 |
| AGER | 8·60 ± 4·02 | 5·92 ± 2·95 | 0·0203 | 20·5 ± 32·75 |
| APLP2 | 7·36 ± 3·24 | 5·33 ± 2·34 | 0·0008 | 17·20 ± 26·99 |
| CDC2 | 9·62 ± 3·11 | 11·48 ± 3·70 | 0·055 | 6·90 ± 18·48 |
| CSNK1A1 | 6·25 ± 2·57 | 3·92 ± 2·01 | 0·0071 | 15·9 ± 15·2 |
| CSNK1D | 4·80 ± 2·03 | 3·33 ± 1·58 | 0·004 | 5·34 ± 5·6 |
| CTSD | 4·68 ± 3·53 | 2·95 ± 2·27 | 0·0354 | 8·06 ± 5·09 |
| GSK3B | 6·44 ± 2·74 | 3·91 ± 1·25 | 0·0027 | 6·89 ± 5·87 |
| IL1B | −0·28 ± 5·95 | −1·63 ± 1·39 | 0·055 | 2·72 ± 2·35 |
| LRPAP1 | 7·67 ± 2·53 | 6·27 ± 1·12 | 0·0102 | 3·77 ± 4·39 |
| MAPT | 8·15 ± 2·81 | 10·93 ± 3·93 | 0·0477 | 3·0 ± 7·15 |
| PRKCB1 | 5·8 ± 3·24 | 3·27 ± 2·04 | 0·0049 | 10·599 ± 15·49 |
| PSEN1 | 6·94 ± 2·66 | 6·15 ± 2·05 | 0·0259 | 5·1 ± 7·64 |
| SOAT1 | 8·67 ± 4·59 | 7·31 ± 2·09 | 0·044 | 7·51 ± 14·87 |
| SOD2 | 1·24 ± 4·43 | −0·74 ± 1·30 | 0·027 | 4·29 ± 3·22 |
| B Controls versus Concussion clinic patients | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACHE | 10·84 ± 3·86 | 12·8 ± 2·4 | 0·054 | 3·57 ± 14·31 |
| APPBP1 | 9·54 ± 3·57 | 11·62 ± 1·71 | 0·0141 | 0·42 ± 0·65 |
| CAPNS2 | 2·80 ± 3·05 | −0·32 ± 2·03 | 0·0002 | 19·30 ± 167 |
| CASP6 | 7·90 ± 2·88 | 10·41 ± 3·5 | 0·0811 | 2·11 ± 3·41 |
| CDC2 | 9·62 ± 3·11 | 12·42 ± 2·73 | 0·006 | 1·83 ± 5·88 |
| CDK5R1 | 3·90 ± 3·55 | −0·69 ± 1·78 | 0·009 | 42·25 ± 41·46 |
| CHRM1 | 3·99 ± 3·13 | 0·44 ± 1·80 | 0·0011 | 23·7 ± 30·48 |
| CHRM3 | 5·22 ± 4·54 | 2·63 ± 4·7 | 0·011 | 34·97 ± 38·18 |
| CHRNA7 | 10·91 ± 4·11 | 12·87 ± 2·9 | 0·051 | 16·89 ± 67·59 |
| CSNK1A1 | 6·25 ± 2·57 | 3·4 ± 1·10 | 0·0002 | 14·0 ± 9·25 |
| CTSD | 4·68 ± 3·53 | 2·8 ± 2·69 | 0·0195 | 8·59 ± 6·55 |
| GJB1 | 3·74 ± 3·44 | −0·23 ± 1·74 | 0·0002 | 22·03 ± 18·3 |
| GRIN2A | 10·93 ± 3·79 | 13·05 ± 2·3 | 0·051 | 2·4 ± 9·8 |
| SLC18A3 | 4·18 ± 4·97 | 1·71 ± 3·36 | 0·0153 | 15·71 ± 15·92 |
| C Concussion clinic patients compared with ED head trauma patients | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene | ΔCT±SD CCPT | FC±SD CCPT | ΔCT±SD EDPT | FC±SD EDPT | EDPT vs CCPT p value |
| AGER | 8·32 ± 3·37 | 5·65 ± 7·7 | 5·92 ± 2·95 | 20·17 ± 32·9 | 0·0243 |
| APH1B | 8·79 ± 2·8 | 1·2 ± 1·22 | 6·78 ± 2·07 | 3·23 ± 4·54 | 0·0398 |
| APLP2 | 8·3 ± 3·46 | 5·5 ± 10·44 | 5·33 ± 2·34 | 17·0 ± 27·12 | 0·0159 |
| BACE2 | 5·58 ± 1·81 | 3·97 ± 7·8 | 7·10 ± 1·95 | 0·65 ± 0·75 | 0·015 |
| CAPNS2 | −0·32 ± 2·03 | 19·30 ± 16·77 | 5·45 ± 4·31 | 1·36 ± 2·22 | 0·0001 |
| CDK5R1 | −0·69 ± 1·78 | 42·2 ± 41·46 | 2·21 ± 3·10 | 10·35 ± 15·76 | 0·003 |
| CHRM1 | 0·44 ± 1·80 | 23·72 ± 30·48 | 5·42 ± 4·60 | 4·4 ± 7·5 | 0·0009 |
| CHRM3 | 2·63 ± 4·7 | 34·9 ± 38·18 | 6·18 ± 4·03 | 6·09 ± 14·2 | 0·0044 |
| CSNK1D | 4·1 ± 0·90 | 2·2 ± 1·3 | 3·33 ± 1·58 | 5·2 ± 5·7 | 0·0398 |
| GJB1 | −0·23 ± 1·74 | 22·0 ± 18·33 | 4·57 ± 3·95 | 3·23 ± 6·36 | 0·0001 |
| GSK3B | 5·92 ± 2·4 | 2·94 ± 4·39 | 3·91 ± 1·25 | 6·82 ± 5·95 | 0·0034 |
| IL1B | −0·60 ± 1·36 | 1·4 ± 1·7 | −1·63 ± 1·39 | 2·72 ± 2·35 | 0·0197 |
| IL6 | 12·5 ± 2·71 | 1·66 ± 5·13 | 9·89 ± 2·62 | 4·37 ± 14·77 | 0·0143 |
| MAPK1 | 5·48 ± 1·7 | 1·32 ± 0·95 | 4·62 ± 2·41 | 3·22 ± 2·57 | 0·0297 |
| MME | 6·64 ± 1·52 | 2·04 ± 1·86 | 5·58 ± 2·79 | 8·68 ± 16·2 | 0·0481 |
| NCSTN | 8·857 ± 1·95 | 0·84 ± 1·20 | 6·92 ± 1·62 | 2·17 ± 2·89 | 0·0023 |
| PRKCB1 | 5·44 ± 2·31 | 1·98 ± 1·92 | 3·27 ± 2·04 | 10·46 ± 15·58 | 0·0012 |
| PSEN1 | 7·72 ± 2·46 | 1·5 ± 1·09 | 6·15 ± 2·05 | 4·98 ± 7·77 | 0·0481 |
| SLC18A3 | 1·71 ± 3·36 | 15·7 ± 15·9 | 6·04 ± 4·48 | 3·13 ± 5·87 | 0·002 |
| SOAT1 | 8·82 ± 2·5 | 3·27 ± 4·9 | 7·31 ± 2·09 | 7·18 ± 15·03 | 0·0481 |
| SOD2 | 0·94 ± 1·4 | 1·33 ± 0·87 | −0·74 ± 1·30 | 4·29 ± 3·22 | 0·0018 |
| ST6GAL1 | 10·69 ± 2·84 | 1·18 ± 1·85 | 8·62 ± 3·81 | 4·40 ± 7·08 | 0·0398 |
| TNF | 9·37 ± 4·13 | 2·4 ± 3·4 | 5·95 ± 3·23 | 7·76 ± 8·04 | 0·0114 |
Note. CT: cycle threshold; FC: fold change; SD: standard deviation.
(a) Comparison between controls (n = 23) and EDPT (n = 15), columns: gene, controls average ± SD delta CT, EDPT average ± SD delta CT, p value, and average ± SD FC.
(b) Comparison between controls (n = 23) and CCPT (n = 16), Columns: gene, controls average ± SD delta CT, CCPT average ± SD delta CT, p value, and average ± SD FC.
(c) Comparison of gene expression between CCPT and EDPT. Columns: gene, CCPT average ± SD delta CT, CCPT average ± SD FC, EDPT average ± SD delta CT, EDPT average ± SD FC, and the p value. CCPT: concussion clinic patients; EDPT: ED head trauma patients.