Table 1.

Metabolic targets for inhibiting myofibroblast activation.

Metabolic Pathway	Target	Anticipated Outcome
Glycolysis	PFKFB3	↓ Collagen production ↓ Proliferation
Pentose Phosphate Pathway	G6PD	↓ NADPH production ↓ Nucleotide synthesis ↓ Proliferation
Serine/Glycine Pathway	PHGDH PSAT1 PSPH SHMT	↓ Collagen production
Lactic Acid Fermentation	LDH	↓ TGF-β activation
Glutaminoylsis	GLS	↓ HIF-1α activation ↓ TGF-β activation ↓ Collage production
Energy conservation	AMPK	↓ Proliferation ↓ Lipid synthesis ↓ Collage production
Pro-growth pathway	mTOR	↓ Collage production

Abbreviations: PFKFB3- phosphofructo-2-kinase; G6PD- glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; PHGDH, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; PSAT1, phosphoserine aminotransferase; PSPH, phosphoserine phosphatase; SHMT, serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; GLS, glutaminase; AMPK, 5’ AMP- activated protein kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin.