Table2.
Characteristics of FQHC-PCSAs 2007–2014
| All | New | P* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2014 | 2008–2010 | 2011–2013 | 2014 | 2008–2014 | 2007 vs. 2014 | 2007 vs. new 2014 | 2007 vs. all new areas | |
| Number of FQHC-PCS As | 1,835 | 2,695 | 352 | 334 | 174 | 860 | |||
| Characteristics1 | |||||||||
| % Black | 4.0 | 4.4 | 6.5 | 4.8 | 3.6 | 5.0 | 0.656 | 0.254 | 0.307 |
| % Hispanic | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 3.7 | 5.1 | 0.584 | 0.004 | 0.209 |
| % Rural population | 32.6 | 33.5 | 39.4 | 29.3 | 39.5 | 36.0 | 0.843 | 0.112 | 0.650 |
| % Age 65+ | 14.0 | 14.0 | 13.8 | 13.9 | 14.7 | 14.0 | 0.915 | 0.026 | 0.807 |
| % Without insurance coverage | |||||||||
| Age <18 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0.999 | 0.437 | 0.999 |
| Age 18–64 | 13.9 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 12.5 | 13.0 | 13.1 | 0.097 | 0.003 | <0.001 |
| Poverty/Income | |||||||||
| % Population with income 100% below poverty level | 16.7 | 16.0 | 15.0 | 14.4 | 14.3 | 14.6 | 0.002 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| % Population with income 100%-200% of poverty level | 21.9 | 21.4 | 21.2 | 20.3 | 20.6 | 20.7 | 0.016 | 0.009 | <0.001 |
| Median household income ($) | 43,142 | 43,859 | 44,6 41 | 46,626 | 45,47 5 | 45,49 8 | 0.035 | 0.026 | <0.001 |
| % Family income below poverty level | 12.2 | 11.7 | 11.0 | 10.5 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 0.003 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| % Linguistically isolated households | 9.3 | 8.9 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 0.296 | 0.025 | 0.017 |
| % PCS As as high poverty2 areas | 31.4 | 27.9 | 21.9 | 21.9 | 14.9 | 20.5 | 0.011 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Mortality | |||||||||
| Infant per 1,000 live births | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 0.640 | 0.420 | 0.276 |
| Total Medicare (%) | 4.8 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 0.374 | 0.561 | 0.041 |
| Fee-for-service Medicare (%) | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 0.431 | 0.760 | 0.071 |
| Medicare Advantage (%) | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 0.698 | 0.588 | 0.374 |
| Primary care physicians per 100,000 | 70.9 | 70.0 | 68.3 | 68.5 | 68.1 | 68.4 | 0.260 | 0.178 | 0.010 |
| Medicare utilization | |||||||||
| % Beneficiaries with primary care visits | 80.5 | 80.6 | 80.6 | 80.6 | 81.0 | 80.7 | 0.780 | 0.195 | 0.522 |
| % Beneficiaries with emergency department visits | 27.0 | 27.1 | 27.6 | 27.4 | 27.1 | 27.4 | 0.409 | 0.389 | 0.058 |
| Primary care visit rate | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 0.104 | 0.021 | <0.001 |
| Emergency department visit rate | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.395 | 0.399 | 0.051 |
| Hospitalization for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions, per 1,000 | 68.4 | 69.6 | 72.4 | 70.8 | 71.7 | 71.7 | 0.189 | 0.120 | 0.003 |
1.
Median value except % PCSAs as high poverty areas
2.
High poverty: > 20% of area population living below the federal poverty line
*
Wilcoxon Score (Kruskal-Wallis Test) or Chi-Square test as appropriate