Fig. 4. Coupled ripple oscillations reinstate item-specific memory representations in the temporal association cortex.

(A) Average reinstatement across all participants triggered to the occurrence of coupled ripple oscillations (t = 0) for correct (left) and incorrect trials (middle). The temporal region of interest (tROI; black outline) constitutes all epochs that exhibited significant differences between the two trial types (right). (B) Mean reinstatement computed over the tROI for each individual participant (black lines) during correct and incorrect trials. **p < 0.01. (C) Reinstatement after randomly assigning time indices of coupled ripples during correct retrieval trials to 1000 ms before or after the true values. (D) Mean reinstatement across all participants when shuffling adjacent correct retrieval periods (left), all correct retrieval periods (middle), or all retrieval periods from all trial types (right). (E) Mean reinstatement across all participants, averaged over the tROI for each participant, during each shuffled permutation shown in (D). Error bars represent SEM across participants. **p < 0.01.