Table 2.
Descriptive statistics and univariate condition effects for mothers at post-intervention and 6-month follow-up
| Measure | DDDG (N = 34) | SET (N = 41) | Condition effects | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | 6-month follow-up | Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | 6-month follow-up | Post- intervention | 6-month follow-up | |||||
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | F | p | d (95% CI) | F | p | d (95% CI) | |
| Child outcomes | ||||||||||||
| ECBI intensity | 150.10 (30.51) | 133.49 (27.01) | 131.46 (33.23) | 145.53 (22.24) | 114.50 (19.25) | 115.75 (24.22) | 13.45 | 0.001 | 0.54 (0.08, 1.00) | 4.95 | 0.031 | 0.42 (− 0.04, 0.87) |
| ECBI problem | 19.37 (6.23) | 15.96 (7.32) | 15.48 (8.17) | 19.40 (5.55) | 12.14 (5.66) | 11.88 (6.67) | 9.17 | 0.004 | 0.65 (0.19, 1.11) | 4.73 | 0.034 | 0.61 (0.15, 1.07) |
| SDQ total difficulties | 15.16 (5.89) | 13.60 (5.92) | 12.72 (7.10) | 15.11 (5.94) | 12.26 (4.91) | 11.80 (5.87) | 1.83 | 0.185 | 0.22 (− 0.24, 0.67) | 0.64 | 0.460 | 0.15 (− 0.31, 0.60) |
| PDR weekdaya | 11.46 (5.39) | 9.68 (4.66) | 10.18 (5.07) | 10.40 (6.44) | 7.87 (3.77) | 7.56 (3.99) | 2.55 | 0.116 | 0.12 (− 0.33, 0.58) | 4.67 | 0.039 | 0.26 (− 0.20, 0.71) |
| PDR weekend dayb | 12.71 (5.41) | 8.90 (4.55) | 9.48 (5.26) | 10.92 (5.81) | 6.76 (4.28) | 6.72 (3.97) | 2.53 | 0.117 | 0.06 (− 0.40, 0.52) | 4.38 | 0.046 | 0.17 (− 0.29, 0.63) |
| Parenting outcomes | ||||||||||||
| PS | 3.45 (0.58) | 3.11 (0.56) | 3.07 (0.49) | 3.49 (0.61) | 2.80 (0.61) | 2.79 (0.60) | 7.57 | 0.008 | 0.58 (0.12, 1.04) | 5.50 | 0.023 | 0.53 (0.07, 0.99) |
| PTC behavioral | 69.33 (22.97) | 76.49 (15.96) | 78.90 (15.31) | 64.06 (20.07) | 80.35 (14.42) | 85.67 (10.75) | 4.84 | 0.031 | 0.42 (− 0.03, 0.88) | 8.62 | 0.004 | 0.56 (0.10, 1.01) |
| PTC setting | 81.27 (14.93) | 88.30 (8.49) | 87.34 (10.30) | 80.80 (12.97) | 88.78 (9.02) | 92.55 (6.17) | 0.20 | 0.662 | 0.07 (− 0.38, 0.52) | 9.54 | 0.003 | 0.40 (− 0.05, 0.86) |
| PES parenting experience | 14.35 (3.64) | 16.34 (3.15) | 16.09 (4.14) | 15.07 (2.79) | 17.40 (2.62) | 17.49 (2.67) | 1.65 | 0.216 | 0.11 (− 0.35, 0.56) | 2.25 | 0.163 | 0.21 (− 0.24, 0.66) |
| PPC extentc | 33.22 (15.11) | 29.03 (14.22) | 33.24 (16.03) | 38.57 (17.67) | 34.02 (17.66) | 32.09 (16.33) | 0.30 | 0.598 | 0.02 (− 0.46, 0.50) | 1.34 | 0.256 | 0.39 (− 0.10, 0.88) |
| PPC problemc | 5.73 (3.93) | 3.97 (3.58) | 4.86 (3.48) | 6.32 (4.06) | 5.28 (3.93) | 4.25 (3.57) | 1.68 | 0.223 | − 0.18 (− 0.66, 0.31) | 2.51 | 0.125 | 0.30 (− 0.19, 0.78) |
| Mental health | ||||||||||||
| DASS− 21 | 10.85 (8.21) | 7.69 (5.95) | 9.47 (8.25) | 10.23 (8.07) | 7.28 (5.77) | 6.28 (4.54) | 0.03 | 0.877 | − 0.03 (− 0.48, 0.42) | 4.90 | 0.031 | 0.31 (− 0.14, 0.77) |
| Partner relationship | ||||||||||||
| PES partner supportd | 10.36 (2.51) | 10.97 (1.60) | 10.43 (2.38) | 9.60 (3.10) | 10.74 (2.69) | 11.05 (2.96) | 0.42 | 0.531 | 0.18 (− 0.31, 0.68) | 5.24 | 0.036 | 0.48 (− 0.01, 0.97) |
| RQIe | 32.32 (9.29) | 34.50 (6.25) | 31.44 (9.89) | 32.09 (10.20) | 33.55 (9.40) | 34.80 (9.11) | 0.48 | 0.521 | − 0.07 (− 0.56, 0.41) | 4.66 | 0.059 | 0.36 (− 0.13, 0.85) |
F = univariate effect for condition, significant p values are bolded; d = effect size for condition; d 0.20 ≤ 0.49 = small, d 0.50 ≤ 0.79 = medium, d ≥ 0.80 = large
an = 33 for the DDDG condition, n = 41 for the SET condition
bn = 33 for the DDDG condition, n = 39–40 for the SET condition
cn = 29 for the DDDG condition, n = 36 for the SET condition
dn = 28–29 for the DDDG condition, n = 35 for the SET condition
en = 29 for the DDDG condition, n = 35 for the SET condition