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. 2019 Apr 17;13:359. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00359

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Copyright © 2019 Zenz, Jačan, Reichmann, Farzi and Holzer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Intermittent fasting impacts Poly(I:C)-induced changes in plasma cytokine and corticosterone (CORT) levels. Mice were kept on an ad libitum feeding regimen (AL) or deprived of food on every other day (IF) for 9 days. On day 10, mice were injected i.p. with vehicle (VEH) or Poly(I:C) (12 mg/kg) and 4 h later plasma samples were drawn to evaluate circulating cytokine and CORT levels. Values represent means ± SEM, (A,B,E,F) n = 7–8, (C,D,G) n = 6–8, (H) n = 7–9. Results of two-way ANOVA: F(1, 26) = 4.636, p ≤ 0.05 for interaction of feeding regimen/Poly(I:C) in plasma TNF-α; F(1, 26) = 4.636, p ≤ 0.05 for main effect of feeding regimen on plasma TNF-α; F(1, 26) = 14.24, p ≤ 0.001 for main effect of i.p. treatment on plasma TNF-α levels; F(1, 26) = 3.222, p = 0.0843 for interaction of feeding regimen/Poly(I:C) in plasma MCP-1; F(1, 26) = 3.387, p = 0.0772 for main effect of feeding regimen on plasma MCP-1; F(1, 26) = 50.54, p ≤ 0.0001 for main effect of Poly(I:C) on plasma MCP-1; F(1, 24) = 2.062, p = 0.1639 for interaction of feeding regimen/Poly(I:C) in plasma IL-6; F(1, 24) = 2.062, p = 0.1639 for main effect of feeding on plasma IL-6; F(1, 24) = 14.98, p ≤ 0.001 for main effect of Poly(I:C) on plasma IL-6; F(1, 25) = 0.2464, p = 0.6240 for interaction of feeding regimen/Poly(I:C) in plasma IL-10; F(1, 25) = 1.936, p = 0.1764 for main effect of feeding on plasma IL-10; F(1, 25) = 7.620, p ≤ 0.05 for main effect of Poly(I:C) on plasma IL-10; F(1, 26) = 0.6399, p = 0.4310 for interaction of feeding regimen/Poly(I:C) in plasma IFN-α; F(1, 26) = 0.6399, p = 0.4310 for main effect of feeding on plasma IFN-α; F(1, 26) = 8.164, p ≤ 0.01 for main effect of Poly(I:C) on plasma IFN-α; F(1, 25) = 0.3809, p = 0.5427 for interaction of feeding regimen/Poly(I:C) in plasma IFN-β; F(1, 25) = 0.3809, p = 0.5427 for main effect of feeding on plasma IFN-β; F(1, 25) = 23.79, p ≤ 0.0001 for main effect of Poly(I:C) on plasma IFN-β; F(1, 25) = 1.492, p = 0.2334 for interaction of feeding regimen/Poly(I:C) in plasma IFN-γ; F(1, 25) = 1.787, p = 0.1933 for main effect of feeding on plasma IFN-γ; F(1, 25) = 14.90, p ≤ 0.001 for main effect of Poly(I:C) on plasma IFN-γ; F(1, 27) = 7.638, p ≤ 0.05 for interaction of feeding regimen/Poly(I:C) in plasma CORT; F(1, 27) = 20.14, p ≤ 0.0001 for main effect of feeding on plasma CORT; F(1, 27) = 0.2125, p = 0.6485 for main effect of i.p. treatment on plasma CORT. Results of Sidak’s multiple comparison test: ^∗p ≤ 0.05, ^∗∗p ≤ 0.01, ^∗∗∗p ≤ 0.001, ^∗∗∗∗p ≤ 0.0001 compared to AL/VEH.