Table 2.
Estimated effects of the variables in the top-ranked mixed effects models on community phylogenetic diversity (standardised effect size of the mean pairwise distance – SESmpd, and standardised effect size of the mean nearest taxon distance – SESmntd) in woody and herbaceous communities.
| Community type | Phylogenetic diversity | Top-ranked model | Variables | Coefficient | F-value | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Woody | SESmpd | latitude + latitude2 + size + vegetation | Intercept | 0.2437 | 2.9568 | 0.0868 |
| Latitude | — | 37.6293 | <0.0001 | |||
| Linear term | 1.0241*** | — | — | |||
| Quadratic term | 0.5636*** | — | — | |||
| Size | 0.2065 | 3.1324 | 0.0781 | |||
| Vegetation | — | 2.6106 | 0.0758 | |||
| Open | −3.3202* | — | — | |||
| Semi-open | –0.3985 | — | — | |||
| SESmntd | latitude + latitude2 + size | Intercept | −2.7331 | 538.3517 | <0.0001 | |
| Latitude | — | 13.9199 | <0.0001 | |||
| Linear term | 0.5869*** | — | — | |||
| Quadratic term | 0.0522 | — | — | |||
| Size | 0.1664 | 3.2111 | 0.0745 | |||
| Herbaceous | SESmpd | latitude + latitude2 + size + realm + vegetation | Intercept | 13.1456 | 4.3958 | 0.0365 |
| Latitude | — | 5.2857 | 0.0053 | |||
| Linear term | 0.5858 | — | — | |||
| Quadratic term | −1.4841** | — | — | |||
| Size | −0.0714 | 0.9973 | 0.3184 | |||
| Realm | — | 2.8835 | 0.0541 | |||
| Nearctic | −14.3492* | — | — | |||
| Neotropical | −12.4259* | — | — | |||
| Paleactic | −13.1274 | — | — | |||
| Vegetation | — | 21.4457 | <0.0001 | |||
| Open | −1.3713*** | — | — | |||
| SESmntd | latitude + latitude2 + size + realm + vegetation | Intercept | −1.3252 | 0.1169 | 0.7325 | |
| Latitude | — | 3.4684 | 0.0318 | |||
| Linear term | 5.9833 | — | — | |||
| Quadratic term | 11.0210 | — | — | |||
| Size | −0.0380 | 0.4748 | 0.4910 | |||
| Realm | — | 2.8352 | 0.0569 | |||
| Nearctic | 1.9078 | — | — | |||
| Neotropical | 0.8520 | — | — | |||
| Paleactic | 0.5757 | — | — | |||
| Vegetation | — | 41.9209 | <0.0001 | |||
| Open | −1.3868*** | — | — |
Variables were tested with ‘anova.lme’ function from nlme package72, using the marginal significance of each fixed effect variable coefficient when all other fixed effects variables are present in the model. Size = sampling unit size; vegetation = vegetation type (closed, open, semi-open); realm = biogeographic realm (Afrotropical, Australasian, Indo-Malayan, Nearctic, Neotropical, Palearctic)29. Significance of individual coefficients are flagged with stars: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Estimates for biogeographic realms refer to the deviation from Afrotropical, and for vegetation type to the deviation from closed. All parameter estimates of the top-ranked models are shown in Supplementary Tables S1 and S2. Study identification was included as a random effect variable in all models.