Table 1.

Site characteristics including major aspect, ecosystem, lithology, soil transport mechanism, mean elevation, mean annual temperature (MAT), and mean annual precipitation (MAP) for the cross-site analysis. ^¥Ranges, rather than means, are provided for Reynolds Creek because of the steep gradients within this 239 km² basin.

Location	Major Aspects	Ecosystem	Lithology	Soil Transport Mechanisms	Mean Elevation (m)	MAT (°C)	MAP (mm yr−1)	Reference
Johnston Draw, ID, USA	North and South	Semi-arid sage-steppe	Granodiorite and quartz monzonite	Animal burrowing and freeze thaw	1,600	7.4	550	This study
Reynolds Creek, ID, USA	East and West	Semi-arid sage-steppe	Granodiorite, basalt and rhyolitic welded tuff	Animal burrowing and freeze thaw	1,100–2,250	5–11	250–1,100	This study¥
Tennessee Valley, CA, USA	Southwest	Mediterranean coastal shrubland	Greywacke sandstone	Animal burrowing and periodic channel evacuation	170	14	1200	Yoo et al.49
Black Diamond, CA, USA	East	Mediterranean grassland	Clay-rich marine shale	Clay shrink swell	275	16	330	Yoo et al.49
Frog Hollow, NSW, AU	Southeast	Semi-arid eucalyptus savannah	Granodiorite	Animal burrowing and periodic overland flow	930	19.4	549	Wang et al.50 and Wackett et al.53
Nunnock River, NSW, AU	North	Temperate eucalyptus forest	Granodiorite	Animal burrowing and tree throw	400	22	816	Wang et al.50 and Wackett et al.53