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. 2019 Apr 23;9:6466. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42923-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Validation by scanning optogenetic stimulation sites in the source area. (a) Activation maps obtained from the preceding OISI. Left panel, sites of optogenetic stimulation (X₁, X₂, and Y) overlaid on the surface vessel pattern of the source area. Right panel, activation maps (top) and activation spots (bottom) elicited by stimulation of sites X₁, X₂, and Y. The white dots in the activation spots indicate the location of electrodes in subsequent electrophysiological recordings (E1 and E2). The activation spots elicited by stimulation of sites X₁ and X₂ are the reproduction of Fig. 3f,i. (b,c) Electrophysiological responses recorded from E1 (b) and E2 (c). Left panel, sites of light stimulation in the source area where color indicates mean evoked responses recorded from E1 (b) and E2 (c). Right panel, PSTHs for stimulation of sites 1–12. The shaded time periods represent periods of 2 Hz pulse optogenetic stimulation. Asterisks, significant modulation of the mean firing rate (p < 0.001, t-test) by optogenetic stimulation (shaded time periods) compared with the mean firing rate at the resting state (0.5 s period before the onset of optogenetic stimulation). Scale bars, 1 mm. Dashed lines, the V1/V2 border.