Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Apr 23;9:6444. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42910-7

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Concomitant 2-photon imaging and brain stimulation. (a–c) Three phases of design of the coverslips and head plates tested during the optimization of the intravital imaging protocol with the selected design illustrated in (c). (d) Schematic of the imaging set-up that was developed to overcome physical challenges such as the size of the objective, cranial window and electrode positioning. (e,f) Representative images of intravital 2-photon imaging in mice expressing CFP under control of the Thy-1 promoter (e-e’) and GFP under the control of the CX3CR1 promotor (f-f’) allowing identification of neurons and microglial cells respectively. (e-e’) Representative images of intravital 2-photon imaging of neurons using microprisms in the absence of stimulation and of (f-f’) microglia 2 weeks after implantation of the electrodes. In both conditions, blood vessels were visualized by injection of Nile red into the orbital vein of mice just prior to imaging. The electrode tip is delineated by a dotted line. Mice were implanted with electrodes 2 weeks prior to the commencement of imaging. Scale bars (e-e) = 50 µm, (f-f’) = 100 µm.