Table 4.
Index | Ethiopia rural | Ethiopia urban | The Gambia rural | The Gambia urban | Ghana | Kenya | Peru | Spain | Sweden | US California | US Washington |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infant Feces | n = 40 | n = 32 | n = 38 | n = 38 | n = 32 | n = 42 | n = 42 | n = 37 | n = 23 | n = 12 | n = 41 |
Richness1 | 36 ± 1abc | 31 ± 1bc | 37 ± 1abc | 38 ± 1ab | 32 ± 1bc | 42 ± 1a | 32 ± 1bc | 30 ± 1c | 35 ± 1abc | 20 ± 1d | 34 ± 1abc |
Shannon diversity1 | 2.51 ± 1.04abc | 2.55 ± 1.04ac | 2.62 ± 1.04ac | 2.60 ± 1.04ac | 2.08 ± 1.04b | 2.76 ± 1.04a | 2.48 ± 1.04abc | 2.36 ± 1.04abc | 2.51 ± 1.05abc | 1.95 ± 1.07bc | 2.37 ± 1.04abc |
Inverse Simpson diversity1 | 7.94 ± 1.09a | 8.64 ± 1.10a | 8.88 ± 1.09a | 8.38 ± 1.09a | 5.04 ± 1.10b | 10.14 ± 1.09a | 7.82 ± 1.09a | 7.18 ± 1.09ab | 8.22 ± 1.12ab | 5.67 ± 1.17ab | 7.25 ± 1.09ab |
Fisher diversity1 | 7.42 ± 1.06abc | 6.20 ± 1.07bc | 7.52 ± 1.06abc | 7.97 ± 1.06ab | 6.42 ± 1.07bc | 8.96 ± 1.06a | 6.35 ± 1.06bc | 5.78 ± 1.06c | 7.02 ± 1.08abc | 3.65 ± 1.12d | 6.83 ± 1.06abc |
Milk | n = 40 | n = 34 | n = 39 | n = 38 | n = 37 | n = 42 | n = 43 | n = 40 | n = 23 | n = 19 | n = 39 |
Richness1 | 85 ± 1a | 52 ± 1b | 57 ± 1ab | 56 ± 1ab | 21 ± 1d | 59 ± 1ab | 42 ± 1bc | 39 ± 1bc | 36 ± 1bc | 28 ± 1cd | 44 ± 1bc |
Shannon diversity1 | 3.16 ± 0.13a | 2.90 ± 0.14abc | 3.09 ± 0.13ab | 3.11 ± 0.13ab | 2.05 ± 0.13d | 2.96 ± 0.12abc | 2.50 ± 0.12cd | 2.52 ± 0.13bcd | 2.34 ± 0.16cd | 2.33 ± 0.18cd | 2.67 ± 0.13abc |
Inverse Simpson diversity1 | 10.32 ± 1.13ab | 9.70 ± 1.14abc | 11.44 ± 1.13ad | 12.08 ± 1.13a | 5.44 ± 1.13c | 9.36 ± 1.12abc | 6.49 ± 1.12bcd | 7.08 ± 1.13aabc | 5.46 ± 1.17bc | 6.22 ± 1.19abc | 7.95 ± 1.13abc |
Fisher diversity1 | 22.71 ± 1.12a | 11.84 ± 1.14bc | 13.47 ± 1.13abc | 12.98 ± 1.13abc | 3.93 ± 1.13e | 14.00 ± 1.12ab | 8.87 ± 1.12bcd | 8.07 ± 1.12cd | 7.40 ± 1.16cde | 5.30 ± 1.19de | 9.47 ± 1.13bcd |
Values represent means ± SEM.
Effect of cohort (P ≤ 0.05) as determined by one-way ANOVA; values sharing a letter are not different from each other (P > 0.05).