Table 4.

Trait–environment associations. Regression coefficients for environmental characteristics of source sites as predictors of trait expression of Erodium cicutarium plants grown in greenhouse treatments. Coefficients are reported for the single best model involving the set of predictors and their interaction with region, as ranked by model AICc value. For model evaluation, R² and difference in AICc value from the second-ranked model are also reported.

Functional trait and environmental predictors	Coefficient	Standard error	t-value	P
Flowering time
Mean annual precipitation	6.79	2.826	2.40	0.028
R2 = 0.25; ΔAICc = 1.45
log(Stem length)
Mean annual precipitation	−0.25	0.135	−1.84	0.083
R2 = 0.17; ΔAICc = 0.60
log(SLA)
Mean annual precipitation	−0.056	0.024	−2.33	0.033
Soil nutrients	−0.051	0.024	−2.10	0.052
R2 = 0.58; ΔAICc = 0.83
log(Leaf area)
Intercept-only model	NA	NA	NA	NA
R2 = NA; ΔAICc = 2.00
Plasticity of flowering time to water
Mean annual precipitation	0.040	0.012	−3.17	0.006
R2 = 0.37; ΔAICc = 1.49
Plasticity of stem length to water
Soil nutrients	−0.047	0.017	−2.79	0.013
R2 = 0.31; ΔAICc = 0.41
Plasticity of SLA to water
Intercept-only model	NA	NA	NA	NA
R2 = NA; ΔAICc = 2.19
Plasticity of leaf area to water
CV total plant cover	0.051	0.021	2.40	0.029
Total plant cover	0.053	0.021	2.46	0.026
R2 = 0.30; ΔAICc = 0.35
Plasticity of flowering time to nutrients
Mean annual precipitation	0.006	0.003	2.016	0.061
Total plant cover	−0.009	0.0029	−3.008	0.008
R2 = 0.40; ΔAICc = 1.04
Plasticity of stem length to nutrients
Mean annual temperature	0.036	0.13	2.69	0.016
Seasonality of precipitation	0.035	0.13	2.65	0.017
R2 = 0.33; ΔAICc = 0.82
Plasticity of SLA to nutrients
CV total plant cover	0.054	0.028	1.92	0.072
R2 = 0.18; ΔAICc = 0.87
Plasticity of leaf area to nutrients
Interannual CV precipitation	0.018	0.0094	1.92	0.072
R2 = 0.18; ΔAICc = 0.62