Table 3. Risk factors according to age groups for IIEF-5-ED in the 2016 study.
| Variable | 20s | 30s | 40s | 50s | 60s | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate score | Multivariate score | Univariate score | Multivariate score | Univariate score | Multivariate score | Univariate score | Multivariate score | Univariate score | Multivariate score | |||||||||||
| OR | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | 30s | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| BMI | 1.020 | 0.677 | 1.027 (0.926–1.139) | 0.612 | 1.040 | 0.382 | 1.037 (0.940–1.145) | 0.466 | 0.974 | 0.572 | 0.927 (0.827–1.040) | 0.199 | 0.963 | 0.500 | 0.971 (0.853–1.104) | 0.653 | 1.026 | 0.778 | 1.064 (0.851–1.330) | 0.585 |
| Academic background (≥college) | 1.003 | 0.950 | 1.077 | 0.884 | 0.804 | 0.636 | 0.810 | 0.547 | 1.100 (0.460–2.634) | 0.830 | 0.533 | 0.438 | 1.201 (0.171–8.444) | 0.854 | ||||||
| Monthly income (≥3,521 USD) | 1.085 | 0.888 | 0.714 | 0.263 | 0.923 | 0.783 | 0.423 | 0.005 | 0.399 (0.187–0.850) | 0.017 | 0.540 | 0.193 | 0.549 (0.172–1.755) | 0.312 | ||||||
| Occupation (unemployed) | Reference | 0.078 | Reference | 0.055 | Reference | 0.898 | Reference | 0.460 | Reference | 0.958 | Reference | 0.121 | ||||||||
| Office worker | 2.090 | 0.031 | 2.126 (0.989–4.570) | 0.053 | 0.718 | 0.693 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.999 | 0.375 | 0.082 | ||||||||
| Professional | 1.280 | 0.614 | 1.048 (0.348–3.156) | 0.933 | 0.625 | 0.606 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||||
| Others | 0.514 | 0.323 | 0.542 (0.137–2.143) | 0.382 | 0.586 | 0.540 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.999 | ||||||||||
| Marital status (married) | Reference | 0.480 | Reference | 0.539 | Reference | 0.270 | Reference | 0.559 | Reference | 0.544 | ||||||||||
| Single | 1.425 | 0.482 | 1.393 | 0.266 | 1.536 (0.767–3.079) | 0.226 | 1.536 | 0.338 | 0.293 | 0.320 | ||||||||||
| Divorced or bereaved | 0.000 | 0.999 | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.999 | 1.477 | 0.571 | 1.319 | 0.655 | ||||||||||||
| Smoking history (absent) | Reference | 0.656 | Reference | 0.936 | Reference | 0.070e | Reference | 0.437 | Reference | 0.051 | Reference | 0.020 | Reference | 0.173 | Reference | 0.508 | ||||
| Present | 0.790 | 0.466 | 1.040 | 0.900 | 2.128 | 0.024 | 1.553 (0.706–3.413) | 0.274 | 2.444 | 0.016 | 2.650 (1.077–6.518) | 0.034 | 2.991 | 0.061 | 1.647 (0.379–7.151) | 0.506 | ||||
| Past | 0.687 | 0.473 | 1.171 | 0.715 | 1.960 | 0.114 | 1.378 (0.502–3.784) | 0.534 | 1.500 | 0.285 | 1.373 (0.558–3.376) | 0.490 | 1.544 | 0.425 | 1.175 (0.294–4.693) | 0.819 | ||||
| Alcohol drinking | 1.677 | 0.145 | 2.194 (0.959–5.023) | 0.063 | 1.233 | 0.537 | 1.610 (0.703–3.686) | 0.260 | 1.162 | 0.685 | 1.465 | 0.347 | 2.049 (0.738–5.687) | 0.168 | 3.580 | 0.014 | 6.988 (1.736–28.134) | 0.006 | ||
| HTN | 4.934 | 0.024 | 3.464 (0.711–16.875) | 0.124 | 4.518 | 0.012 | 4.912 (1.321–18.263) | 0.018 | 2.382 | 0.016 | 2.484 (1.123–5.493) | 0.025 | 1.190 | 0.579 | 1. 209 (0.585–2.501) | 0.608 | 1.031 | 0.948 | 0.703 (0.180–2.754) | 0.613 |
| DM | 1.955 | 0.637 | 3.265 (0.168–63.407) | 0.434 | 3.039 | 0.206 | 1.460 (0.220–9.696) | 0.695 | 5.390 | 0.034 | 7.206 (1.324–39.234) | 0.022 | 3.500 | 0.027 | 3.518 (1.025–12.073) | 0.046 | 1.806 | 0.261 | 1.356 (0.296–6.214) | 0.695 |
| Depression | 7.414 | 0.003 | 10.020 (2.232–44.972) | 0.003 | 2.250 | 0.380 | 2.272 (0.299–17.259) | 0.428 | 1.110 | 0.885 | 2.491 | 0.169 | ||||||||
| Prostatic disease | 1.955 | 0.637 | 1.172 (0.048–28.749) | 0.923 | 0.477 | 0.372 | 1.517 | 0.456 | 0.984 (0.289–3.354) | 0.980 | 1.588 | 0.399 | 1.863 (0.492–7.050) | 0.360 | 3.462 | 0.250 | 3.263 (0.319–33.349) | 0.319 | ||
| STD | 0.970 | 0.980 | 0.483 | 0.532 | 1.254 | 0.787 | ||||||||||||||
| Contraception (condom) | 1.845 | 0.213 | 0.855 (0.275–2.652) | 0.786 | 1.169 | 0.596 | 1.408 | 0.231 | 1.589 (0.840–3.005) | 0.154 | 1.059 | 0.866 | ||||||||
| Age at first intercourse | 0.986 | 0.807 | 1.041 | 0.289 | 1.066 (0.971–1.170) | 0.180 | 0.969 | 0.346 | 1.017 (0.935–1.107) | 0.690 | 0.982 | 0.648 | 0.976 | 0.744 | 1.049 (0.852–1.292) | 0.654 | ||||
| No. of sexual partners | 0.981 | 0.430 | 0.961 (0.904–1.022) | 0.207 | 1.014 | 0.324 | 1.017 (0.984–1.052) | 0.316 | 1.014 | 0.223 | 1.030 (0.999–1.061) | 0.056 | 0.977 | 0.148 | 0.978 (0.9431.014) | 0.231 | 0.973 | 0.610 | 0.940 (0.813–1.088) | 0.408 |
| No. of intercourse per month | 0.987 | 0.614 | 0.995 (0.937–1.055) | 0.857 | 0.987 | 0.602 | 0.976 | 0.352 | 0.980 (0.923–1.041) | 0.516 | 0.937 | 0.059 | 0.947 (0.878–1.022) | 0.161 | 0.950 | 0.649 | 0.930 (0.690–1.254) | 0.635 | ||
| Homosexual experience | 2.250 | 0.380 | 0.362 | 0.382 | 0.438 (0.029–6.564) | 0.550 | ||||||||||||||
| Masturbation | 1.495 | 0.460 | 1.207 (0.341–4.275) | 0.770 | 1.061 | 0.888 | 1.316 | 0.421 | 1.495 | 0.184 | 1.164 (0.568–2.384) | 0.679 | 1.362 | 0.515 | ||||||
| Experience of rape or sexual harassment | 3.387 | 0.039 | 0.477 | 0.372 | 0.848 | 0.754 | 0.550 (0.156–1.944) | 0.353 | 2.729 | 0.082 | 1.949 (0.556–6.829) | 0.297 | 3.030 | 0.307 | 2.495 (0.221–28.115) | 0.459 | ||||
| Conversation about sex with the sexual partner (sometimes) | Reference | 0.057 | Reference | 0.029 | Reference | <0.001 | Reference | <0.001 | Reference | 0.010 | Reference | 0.014 | Reference | 0.094 | Reference | 0.322 | Reference | 0.619 | Reference | 0.512 |
| Often | 0.488 | 0.034 | 0.363 (0.167–0.789) | 0.010 | 0.306 | 0.002 | 0.299 (0.133–0.672) | 0.003 | 0.347 | 0.004 | 0.389 (0.172–0.877) | 0.023 | 0.509 | 0.068 | 0.633 (0.272–1.476) | 0.290 | 0.813 | 0.720 | 0.991 (0.248–3.953) | 0.989 |
| Never | 1.158 | 0.732 | 8.858 (0.317–2.323) | 0.763 | 2.844 | 0.018 | 3.173 (1.212–8.310) | 0.019 | 0.922 | 0.815 | 1.022 (0.483–2.161) | 0.955 | 1.259 | 0.539 | 1.081 (0.445–2.628) | 0.863 | 1.575 | 0.435 | 1.449 (0.368–5.706) | 0.596 |
| Circumcision | 0.967 | 0.920 | 1.180 | 0.627 | 1.386 (0.631–3.043) | 0.417 | 1.130 | 0.684 | 1.016 | 0.958 | 1.303 | 0.602 | ||||||||
| Self PE | 0.964 | 0.922 | 1.963 | 0.052 | 1.941 (0.888–4,243) | 0.097 | 3.110 | 0.002 | 3.133 (1.400–7.011) | 0.005 | 7.935 | 0.000 | 6.498 (2.237–18.871) | 0.001 | 2.287 | 0.219 | 2.737 (0.568–13.189) | 0.210 | ||
| Total IPSS | 1.004 | 0.875 | 0.985 | 0.581 | 0.966 (0.908–1.027) | 0.264 | 0.975 | 0.256 | 0.986 (0.936–1.038) | 0.586 | 0.998 | 0.938 | 1.009 (0.958–1.063) | 0.728 | 0.952 | 0.138 | 0.937 (0.868–1.012) | 0.097 | ||
IIEF-5-ED: International Index of Erectile Function-5-assessed erectile dysfunction, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, BMI: body mass index, USD: US dollar, HTN: hypertension, DM: diabetes mellitus, STD: sexually transmitted disease, Self-PE: self-reported premature ejaculation, IPSS: International Prostate Symptom Score.