Fig. 1. Flow diagram for the systematic review of leukocytospermia clinical trials. Figure is a flow diagram depicting the search algorithm and results. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library was searched for English language articles on human observational studies, clinical trials and randomized control trials using the following terms: “leukocytospermia, pyospermia, and male infertility.” Also included was 4 articles referenced by the various guidelines discussed in the paper. The remaining articles were screened for duplicates and non-english articles were excluded of which there was 4. Another article was deemed ineligible as this study's seminal collection method varied so dramatically from that of the others studied. In total 11 articles are included in this review. N/A: not available.