Table 1.
Muscle cross section area (CSA), CSA echo intensity (CSAecho), CSAecho to CSA ratio, pennation angle (PA) and maximum dynamic strength test (1-RM) at baseline (T1), after 5 (T2), and 10 weeks (T3) for high-load resistance training (HL-RT), high-load resistance training with blood flow restriction (HL-BFR) and low-load strength training with blood flow restriction (LL-BFR).
| Variable | Time | HL-RT | HL-BFR | LL-BFR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSA (cm2) | T1 | 22.3 ± 6.7 | 21.8 ± 4.0 | 21.4 ± 5.8 |
| T2∗ | 23.4 ± 7.0 | 22.9 ± 4.3 | 22.6 ± 6.2 | |
| T3∗† | 24.5 ± 7.4 | 24.2 ± 4.7 | 23.7 ± 6.7 | |
| CSAEcho (AU) | T1 | 19.5 ± 5.1 | 19.5 ± 5.5 | 21.0 ± 7.0 |
| T2∗ | 38.0 ± 9.0 | 38.2 ± 9.7 | 40.0 ± 11.0 | |
| T3† | 17.6 ± 3.3 | 19. ± 5.5 | 17.6 ± 4.1 | |
| CSAEcho (AU)/CSA (cm2) | T1 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.4 |
| T2∗ | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | |
| T3∗† | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | |
| PA (°) | T1 | 15.0 ± 2.6 | 15.4 ± 2.0 | 14.6 ± 2 |
| T2∗ | 16.0 ± 2.8 | 16.3 ± 2.0 | 15.5 ± 2.0 | |
| T3∗† | 16.4 ± 2.9 | 17.0 ± 2.1 | 16.0 ± 2.1 | |
| 1-RM (kg) | T1 | 46.6 ± 11.5 | 46.4 ± 10.8 | 46.5 ± 11.7 |
| T2∗ | 55.7 ± 10.8 | 56.5 ± 10.4 | 51.3 ± 17.7 | |
| T3∗† | 63.8 ± 10.9 | 62.1 ± 18.1 | 55.2 ± 23.2 |
∗Significantly different from T1 (main time effect, P < 0.05), †Significantly different from T2 (main time effect, P < 0.05). Values presented as mean ± SD.