| AuNPs | gold nanoparticles |
| (+) AuNPs | positively charged gold nanoparticles |
| (−) AuNPs | negatively charged gold nanoparticles |
| DZ | differentiation zone |
| ER | endoplasmic reticulum |
| EZ | elongation zone |
| FDA | fluorescein diacetate |
| HRTEM | high-resolution transmission electron microscope |
| MS | Murashige and Skoog medium |
| MZ | meristematic zone |
| NMs | nanomaterials |
| NPs | nanoparticles |
| PEG | polyethylene glycol |
| PM | plasma membrane |
| TZ | transition zone |