Table 1.
Characteristics of census-tract level latent profile analysis inputs by neighborhood typology.
| LPA Input Variables | Mixed Race, High Poverty, Moderate-Poor Physical Environment | Hispanic and White, High Crime, Moderate Poverty, Poor Physical Environment | Hispanic and White, Moderate Poverty, Moderate Physical Environment | White, Wealthy, Good Physical Environment | Test of Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Environment | F | p | ||||
| Green Space (mean NDVI) | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 50.94 | <0.001 |
| 1 Annual Average NOX (ppb) | 36.00 | 60.48 | 17.20 | 5.70 | 204.97 | <0.001 |
| 1 Annual Average PM2.5 (µg/m3) | 2.84 | 7.12 | 1.33 | 0.43 | 218.5 | <0.001 |
| Social Environment | F | p | ||||
| Violent Crime Rate (per 1000) | 4 | 13 | 5 | 1 | 54.13 | <0.001 |
| Property Crime Rate (per 1000) | 63 | 130 | 13 | 4 | 68.34 | <0.001 |
| Race/Ethnicity | F | p | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 46% | 63% | 72% | 78% | 92.69 | <0.001 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 12% | 5% | 1% | 3% | 94.53 | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 35% | 25% | 21% | 12% | 49.67 | <0.001 |
| Socioeconomic Status | F | p | ||||
| Below Federal Poverty Level | 19% | 17% | 15% | 6% | 61.57 | <0.001 |
| College Educated | 33% | 45% | 40% | 48% | 17.14 | <0.001 |
| Homeowner | 50% | 48% | 62% | 77% | 70.12 | <0.001 |
| Median Household Income | $51,285 | $62,801 | $61,866 | $86,854 | 59.83 | <0.001 |
| Census Tracts in Study Area [N (%)] | 139 (22%) | 109 (17%) | 178 (28%) | 206 (33%) | ||
Test of Difference = ANOVA. N = 632 census tracts across the Denver-Metro and Front Range area of Colorado. Abbreviations: NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index; NOx, nitrogen oxides; PM2.5, fine particulate matter 1Annual average NOx and PM2.5 values only include traffic-related sources.