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Origin and effects of IL-36 cytokines on different cell types. IL-36 cytokines are released by epithelial cells and processed by neutrophil-derived proteases to generate their active forms. The activated cytokines stimulate dendritic cells to enhance pro-inflammatory mediators responsible for several cellular effects in innate and adaptive immune responses. Some processes regulated on immune and non-immune cells are indicated. Note that there is still no data for trophoblast cells.
