Table 3.
Cytotoxicity results (IC50, µM) of 1,4-naphthoquinones (NQs), 1,4-anthraquinones (AQs) and heterocycle-fused quinones (HetQs) on HeLa, Jurkat and Vero cell lines after 48 h.
| Type | Compd. | HeLa ATCC CRL-1958 |
Jurkat ATCC TIB-152 |
Vero ATCC CCL-81 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IC50 ± SD | r 2 | SI | IC50 ± SD | r 2 | SI | IC50 ± SD | r 2 | ||
| NQs | 1 | >104.0 | na | nd | >104.0 | na | na | nd | nd |
| 2 | 103.8 ± 3.8 | 0.9 | 1 | 6.2 ± 0.2 | 0.8 | 15 | 95.0 ± 2.1 | 0.9 | |
| 3 | <19.5 | na | >1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 0.7 | 8 | 12.8 ± 2.0 | 0.8 | |
| 4 | 46.6 ± 3.3 | 1.0 | 14 | 36.3 ± 2.0 | 0.9 | 18 | ≥642.7 | na | |
| 5 | 19.7 ± 0.3 | 1.0 | 1 | 23.5 ± 1.7 | 0.7 | 1 | 15.7 ± 2.7 | 0.8 | |
| 6 | 34.7 ± 3.2 | 0.8 | 2 | 47.5 ± 0.2 | 1.0 | 1 | >62.8 | na | |
| 7 | ≤15.7 | na | ≥5 | 12.0 ± 1.8 | 0.8 | 6 | 73.2 ± 0.9 | 0.7 | |
| 8 | ≤14.1 | na | ≥9 | ≤56.5 | na | ≥2 | 132.2 ± 11.2 | 0.9 | |
| 9 | 32.6 ± 0.8 | 1.0 | 5 | 14.5 ± 0.5 | 1.0 | 10 | 147.1 ± 9.8 | 0.8 | |
| AQs | 10 | 40.0 ± 1.1 | 0.9 | 10 | 48.0 ± 4.7 | 0.8 | 8 | 397.9 ± 6.1 | 0.9 |
| 11 | 0.010 ± 0.001 | 1.0 | 13967 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.0 | 168 | 231.9 ± 6.9 | 1.0 | |
| 12 | 38.5 ± 1.2 | 0.9 | 4 | 27.5 ± 0.6 | 0.9 | 5 | 136.5 ± 4.4 | 0.9 | |
| 13 | >75.3 | na | <1 | 6.3 ± 0.3 | 0.9 | 11 | 67.2 ± 1.3 | 0.7 | |
| 14 | >78.7 | na | nd | >78.7 | na | na | nd | nd | |
| 15 | >63.5 | na | <2 | 12.4 ± 0.4 | 1.0 | 10 | >126.9 | na | |
| 16 | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 0.9 | 32 | 12.4 ± 0.4 | 1.0 | 14 | 179.3 ± 12.9 | 0.7 | |
| 17 | 7.5 ± 0.6 | 0.9 | 16 | 9.6 ± 0.4 | 0.9 | 12 | 118.6 ± 15.9 | 0.8 | |
| 18 | ≤13.7 | na | ≥2 | 10.1 ± 0.8 | 0.9 | 2 | 24.3 ± 3.8 | 0.9 | |
| HetQs | 19 | 77.0 ± 1.9 | 1.0 | 3 | >72.4 | na | <3 | 212.5 ± 8.6 | 0.7 |
| 20 | >69.3 | na | <2 | 42.2 ± 0.7 | 0.7 | 4 | 153.1 ± 4.5 | 1.0 | |
| 21 | >69.9 | na | nd | >69.9 | na | na | nd | nd | |
| 22 | 73.0 ± 1.6 | 1.0 | 3 | 71.7 ± 1.8 | 1.0 | 3 | 183.1 ± 15.9 | 0.7 | |
| 23 | 15.5 ± 1.1 | 0.8 | 2 | 13.5 ± 0.7 | 0.9 | 3 | 36.0 ± 1.5 | 0.9 | |
| 24 | 55.9 ± 2.0 | 0.9 | 5 | 24.3 ± 1.5 | 0.9 | 12 | 282.0 ± 28.2 | 0.5 | |
| 25 | >70.5 | na | <4 | 13.8 ± 0.4 | 1.0 | 20 | 269.5 ± 5.7 | 1.0 | |
| 26 | 77.5 ± 3.6 | 0.9 | 2 | 43.6 ± 1.2 | 1.0 | 4 | 182.7 ± 16.3 | 0.7 | |
| 27 | 57.1 ± 2.2 | 1.0 | 3 | 16.6 ± 0.9 | 0.9 | 12 | 197.3 ± 25.7 | 0.6 | |
| Doxorubicin | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.7 | 22 | 2.0±0.1 | 0.8 | |
HeLa: Human cervix epithelial carcinoma, ATCC CRL-1958; Jurkat: human acute T cell leukemia, ATCC TIB-152; Vero: Cercopithecus aethiops, African green monkey kidney cell line, ATCC CCL 81; SD: Standard deviation; r2: Linear regression coefficient; SI: Selectivity Index (IC50 Vero/IC50 tumor cell (HeLa or Jurkat)); na: Not applicable; nd: Not determined. The IC50 values corresponding to the most cytotoxic compounds for cancer cells (<10 μM) or less toxic for normal cells (>100 μM), as well as SI values >14, are in bold for better comparisons.