Figure 2.

Panoramic histological views at (A) 14 days; and (B) 42 days, respectively; (C) graphs of volume density of newly formed bone in skull defects filled with a blood clot or fibrin sealant plus xenograft and with or without laser photobiomodulation therapy. (A) A(i)–A(ii) bone formation (blue arrows) occurring at the defect border and under the dura mater surface. A(iii)–A(iv): the defect showed trabecular bone formation (blue arrows) adjacent to the defect border, in a more advanced stage of bone maturation. (B) B(i)–B(ii) both groups showed similar bone formation limited to the defect border and a large region filled with fibrous connective tissue (red arrows); B(iii)–B(iv) a large part of the defect was filled by connective tissue and biomaterials (red arrows), but in the FSB^PBMT group, greater bone formation defect could be observed compared to the FSB group; (C) Graphs of newly formed bone showed smaller bone formation in the non-biostimulated group (BC and FSB) than the biostimulated group (BC^PBMT and FSB^PBMT). (BC and BC^PBMT: N = 4/group and periods), (FSB and FSB^PBMT: N = 5/group and periods). C(i) and C(ii) where different letters (A≠B) indicate a statistically significant difference between groups in the same period and C(iii) where the different letters (A≠B) indicate a statistically significant difference in the same group in the two periods analysed (p < 0.05). (HE; original magnification × 4; bar = 2 mm).