AE |
acetone extract |
BE |
n-butanol extract |
COX-2 |
cyclooxygenase 2 |
CYE |
cyanidin chloride equivalents |
DEX |
dexamethasone |
DPPH |
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl |
dw |
dry weight |
ECA |
(–)-epicatechin |
ELA-2 |
elastase 2 |
fMLP |
N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine |
FRAP |
ferric reducing antioxidant power |
GAE |
gallic acid equivalents |
GT |
methyl salicylate 2-O-(6′-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (gaultherin) |
H2O2
|
hydrogen peroxide |
HYAL |
hyaluronidase |
IND |
indomethacin |
IL |
interleukin |
LOX |
lipoxygenase |
LPS |
bacterial lipopolysaccharide |
ME |
methanol extract |
MMP-9 |
matrix metalloproteinase 9 |
MQ |
quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (miquelianin) |
O2•‒
|
superoxide anion |
•OH |
hydroxyl radical |
PAT |
procyanidin A-type trimer |
PB2 |
procyanidin B2 |
QU |
quercetin |
ROS |
reactive oxygen species |
TBARS |
thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances |
TFL |
total content of flavonoids |
TLPA |
total content of low-molecular weight flavanols and proanthocyanidins (HPLC) |
TNF-α |
tumour necrosis factor α |
TPA |
total proanthocyanidin content (n-butanol/HCl assay) |
TPC |
total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu assay) |
TPH |
total phenolic content (HPLC) |
TPHA |
total content of phenolic acids |
TSAL |
total content of salicylates |
TX |
(±)-6-hydroxy-2,2,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox®) |
WE |
water extract |