Table 2.
Food and drink intake, excreted feces and urine, and carotenoid intake of the six experimental groups in the 5-week intervention period 1.
| Parameters | NC | N2.5 | N5 | HC | H2.5 | H5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial body weight (g) | 371.9 ± 33.9 | 380.4 ± 15.2 | 383.3 ± 19.9 | 377.8 ± 20.5 | 372.3 ± 28.2 | 387.6 ± 5.7 |
| Final body weight (g) | 459.4 ± 43.7 | 451.4 ± 22.5 | 442.0 ± 16.6 | 500.1 ± 37.3 b | 475.1 ± 34.4 b | 552.5 ± 29.9 a |
| Body weight increase (g) | 87.55 ± 18.85 * | 71.02 ± 12.71 * | 68.21 ± 9.32 * | 122.28 ± 21.83 ab | 102.85 ± 22.09 b | 154.5 ± 29.2 a |
| Liver weight (g) | 15.32 ± 2.16 * | 13.92 ± 1.80 * | 13.65 ± 1.90 * | 25.36 ± 3.06 a | 21.44 ± 2.95 b | 19.31 ± 1.37 b |
| Food intake (g/day) | 8.98 ± 3.65 | 6.76 ± 2.27 | 7.21 ± 3.89 | 7.23 ± 2.09 | 7.84 ± 2.69 | 5.85 ± 1.91 |
| Water intake (mL/day) | 22.50 ± 7.21 b | 33.52 ± 9.10 ab | 36.46 ± 7.58 a | 29.33 ± 7.77 | 25.42 ± 7.06 | 26.96 ± 10.15 |
| Excreted feces (g/day) | 4.70 ± 1.46 * | 4.28 ± 2.23 | 5.32 ± 1.66 * | 2.82 ± 0.92 | 3.01 ± 0.85 | 2.54 ± 1.05 |
| Excreted urine (mL/day) | 12.67 ± 7.63 | 15.20 ± 7.51 * | 16.02 ± 6.68 | 7.64 ± 4.97 | 5.40 ± 3.17 * | 10.59 ± 4.62 |
| Carotenoids intake (μg/day) | - | 20.63 ± 6.91 b | 55.52 ± 35.41 a | - | 23.92 ± 8.20 b | 53.24 ± 17.33 a |
| TDF intake (g/day) | 1.90 ± 0.77 * | 1.65 ± 0.35 * | 1.64 ± 0.18 * | 0.54 ± 0.12 | 0.46 ± 0.12 | 0.42 ± 0.09 |
| TPC intake (mg GAE/day) | 19.30 ± 4.87 * | 14.85 ± 3.13 * | 14.26 ± 1.56 * | 1.45 ± 0.42 | 1.41 ± 0.41 | 1.29 ± 0.42 |
1 Data are expressed as mean ± SD. a,b Different letters show significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) among groups fed the standard diet (NC, N2.5, N5) or the high fat diet (HC, H2.5, H5), after performing a one-way ANOVA. * Significant statistical difference (p < 0.05), after carrying out a two-sample t test, between the members of the NC–HC, N2.5–H2.5, and N5–H5 pairings.